Kant s View On Animal And The Treatment Of Them - 1306 Words

Kant’s approach to animals and the treatment of them is examined. His approach has a basis of egocentric ideals which can be found, and should be left in, an earlier era. First, I explain his second categorical imperative and how it is applicable to humans but excludes animals. I argue Kant’s second categorical imperative in regards to it only being applicable to humans through his definition of â€Å"humanity†. Second, I investigate how Kant believes we should treat animals and his justification for theorizing it. I reason Kant’s assumption that animals are not rational or unable to be self-conscious. Third, I look at Kant’s underlining assumptions of animals and the natural world around him. I allege Kant’s assumptions on animals may lead to environmental degradation. Through this paper I aim to disprove Kant’s assumptions about animals and how his views may perpetuate further damage to the environment. Kant’s second categorical imperative is intended to be a framework to apply his ethics in a practical sense. However, it is only written to be applicable to humans and it excludes animals. Kant states, â€Å"Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only† (202). First, to explain the use of the word â€Å"humanity†. Kant refers to three components to explain humanity: rationality, absolute worth, and dignity (182). Thus, Kant implies that animals are not rational; therefore, do not have absolute worth andShow MoreRelatedKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will begin by explaining the overall views of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, then compare and contrast the ideas and philosophies of Kant and Mill on Animal Ethics. 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WhenRead MoreEssay What Moral and Ethical Obligations do Humans Have to Animals1492 Words   |  6 Pageseggs necessary to feed the population. The intensive farming method of animal husbandry has become quite a controversial is sue and caused apprehension amongst many different factions of society. These concerns relate to how high density farming practices result in dangers associated with environmental impacts, human health and non-human welfare. Animal welfare/animal rights groups argue that the conditions in which the animals live are cruel and abhorrent. This notion of cruelty invites debate surroundingRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Ethics1468 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the choice about the decision making capacity to achieve the duty and responsibilities to the parties involved. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), a German philosopher was an enormous supporter of this sort of thinking. 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What is torture: (a) the intentional infliction of extreme physical pain or suffering on some non-consenting, defenseless person; (b) the intentional, substantial curtailment of the exercise of a person s autonomy (achieved byRead MoreThe Moral Status And Considerateness Of Nonhuman Animals2364 Words   |  10 PagesHuman in vegetative states available? 6 Cases claiming rights for nonhuman animals 7 Conclusion Question 4 Nonhuman animal rights 1 Introduction Hominum causa omen ius constitutum, a phrase which was attributed by Gaius, a Roman jurist translates to â€Å"all law was established for man’s sake†. In this day and age this phrase is held firmly, where human beings claim and possess all legal rights, while animals or nonhumans are credited no legal rights. For many years the controversialRead MoreThe Argument Of Animal Rights2068 Words   |  9 PagesSeems rhetorical, but the fact is animals live through this everyday, without even given the choice. 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The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual Free Essays

string(63) " Ministers two months prior to the expiry of the current term\." Kavala Institute of Technology MSc in Oil Gas Technology â€Å"CONTRACT LAW† â€Å"THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL TERMS ABOUT CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES IN AN OIL OR GAS EXPLORATION/EXTRACTION CONTRACT† Authors: Andreou Christos Georgiou Manolis Kakanis Iordanis Skarvelas Stathis Supervisor: Pr. K. KalamboukaNovember 2012 ABSTRACT The purpose of this assignment is to identify the contractual obligations of the parties in oil and gas exploration and extraction contracts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual or any similar topic only for you Order Now The assignment is based on the contract between Cyprus Government and the authorized company as is approved by the Cypriot Parliament and is harmonized to â€Å"Directive 94/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 1994 on the conditions for granting and using authorizations for the prospection, exploration and production of hydrocarbons† Contents Introduction 4 1. Conditions and requirements for granting authorizations 4 2. General and specific information submitted by the applicant 5 3. Grant of an authorization 5 4. Duration of an authorization for prospection 6 5. Duration of an authorization for exploration 6 6. Relinquishment of area 6 7. Duration of an authorization for exploitation 7 8. Grant of rights to the holders of authorizations 7 9. Transfer of an authorization or assignment of rights arising from an authorization 8 10. Control of a holder of authorization by a third country or a national of a third country 8 11. Work practices 8 12. Directions of the Minister to holders of an authorization in case of contravention of Regulation 11 9 13. Drilling operations10 14. Protection of the environment11 15. Construction and maintenance of installations, pipelines and related equipment12 16. Measurement of hydrocarbons14 17. Authorized officers15 18. Unit development16 19. Records17 20. Reports17 21. Hydrocarbons production records19 22. Obligations in case of termination of an authorization20 23. Confidentiality20 24. Powers of the Court for seizure and confiscation21 25. Abandonment21 26. Abandonment of the well22 27. References23 INTRODUCTION Oil and gas contracts are shaped by national and international laws that relate to common industry transactions. With standardized contracts being used across different jurisdictions, it is important that these legal principles are properly understood. The increasing scarcity of natural resources makes it more, rather than less, likely that legal issues will be tested in the oil and gas sector. The accelerated pace of change in the oil and gas industry make this one of the world’s most challenging and complex sectors in which to understand, draft and negotiate contracts. The legal and regulatory framework of upstream oil and gas industry contracts is constantly changing, therefore it is critical that all lawyers, commercial and contracts managers working in this sector are up-to-speed. OBLIGATIONS Conditions and requirements for granting authorizations ) The authorizations may be granted on such conditions and requirements in order to ensure: a) the proper performance of the activities permitted by the authorization b) the financial contribution in money or a contribution in hydrocarbons c) national security d) public safety e) public health f) security of transport g) protection of the environment pursuant to section 11 and the terms specified in the Regulations made under this Law h) protection of biological and mineral resources and of national treasures possessin g artistic, historic or archaeological value i) safety of installations and of workers ) planned management of hydrocarbon resources, such as particularly the rate at which hydrocarbons are depleted or the optimization of their recovery; and k) the need to secure revenues to the Republic. made to the conditions and requirements in the course of the procedure of examining the applications, shall be notified to all interested entities General and specific information submitted by the applicant ) An application for an authorization for exploration shall contain the following specific information: l) the designation of the area or areas for which an application has been made, and if the application is made in respect of more than one area, the priority assigned to each area m) a detailed description of the exploration programme proposed for the area or areas applied for and its geographical distribution over such area or areas n) the minimum obligations to be undertaken relating to work and expenditure during the exploration period o) a brief note concerning he exploration activities and the effects which are likely to have on the environment, and the measures that the exploration work program intends to take for dealing with p) proposals relating to the training and employment of nationals of the Republic and the minimum expenditures to be incurred to that effect q) proposals relating to the economic terms and conditions required as criteria for the evaluation of the application, such as the financial consideration and/or the sharing of production between the applicant and the Government of the Republic r) any agreement between any persons relating to the manner in which hydrocarbons operations are to be financed and s) any other information as may be required by the Minister or under the applicable model contract or which the applicant wishes the Minister to consider Grant of an authorization 3) The Minister shall negotiate the terms and provisions of the Contra ct with the selected applicant. In case where the negotiation is successful, the text of the Contract shall be submitted to the Council of Ministers for approval, and thereafter, if approved and signed by both parties, the relevant authorization shall be granted. Duration of an authorization for prospection 4) An authorization for prospection shall be granted for a period not exceeding one year. Duration of an authorization for exploration 5) (1) An authorization for exploration shall be granted for an initial period not exceeding three years and may be renewed for up to two terms, each term not exceeding two years, provided that the conditions referred to in paragraph (2) are fulfilled. 2) The authorization for exploration may be renewed, pursuant to paragraph (1), provided that the holder of such authorization has fulfilled all his obligations arising from the authorization and has submitted an application to the Council of Ministers two months prior to the expiry of the current term. You read "The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual" in category "Essay examples" (3) The Contract may provide that in case where an appraisal work program with respect to a discovery is in progress and has not been completed at the expiry of the second renewal referred to in paragraph (1), the holder of an authorization may apply to the Council of Ministers for an extension of the exploration period, which, however, may not exceed six months, in case of crude oil discovery and twenty-four months in case of natural gas discovery. In case of natural gas discovery the Council of Ministers, may extend the exploration period for a turnover the twenty-four months, if it deems that such period is necessary to determine whether a commercially viable natural gas market exists or/and is to be created. (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2), where the holder of an authorization has not fulfilled all his obligations arising from the authorization, the Council of Ministers may decide to renew the authorization under such terms and conditions as the Council of Ministers may deem proper to impose. Relinquishment of area 6) (1) Upon each renewal of the authorization for exploration, the holder of an authorization relinquishes at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the initial surface of the area that is included in the authorization granted. 2) Upon expiry of the renewal of the authorization for exploration, as possibly renewed and/or extended pursuant to the provisions of Regulation 9, the holder of an authoriz ation relinquishes all the remaining part of the area that is included in the authorization granted: Provided that the area to be relinquished under this paragraph shall not include the areas included in an authorization for exploitation. Duration of an authorization for exploitation 7) (1) The duration of an authorization for exploitation for each exploitation area shall not exceed twenty-five years and may be renewed for a period up to ten years, subject to the terms of the Contract. (2) The authorization for exploitation may be renewed, pursuant to paragraph (1), provided that the holder of such authorization has fulfilled all his obligations arising from the authorization and has submitted an application to the Council of Ministers, through the Minister, one year 11 prior to the expiry of the current term. Grant of rights to the holders of authorizations ) (1) The authorization for the prospection of hydrocarbons shall grant to the holder of an authorization the right to prospec t for hydrocarbons in the area for which the authorization was granted, (2) The authorization for the exploration of hydrocarbons shall grant to the holder of an authorization exclusive rights to explore for hydrocarbons in the area for which the authorization was granted, under the conditions and requirements of the authorization granted, and in the case of a commercial discovery of hydrocarbons, the right to be granted an exploitation authorization related to such a discovery, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the Regulations. 3) The authorization for the exploitation of hydrocarbons shall grant to the holder of an authorization exclusive rights to exploit hydrocarbons in the area for which the authorization was granted, under the conditions and requirements of the authorization granted under the conditions and requirements of the authorization granted. Transfer of an authorization or assignment of rights arising from an authorization 9) No holder of an authorizati on may transfer an authorization or assign the rights arising from an authorization to another entity, except upon the consent of the Council of Ministers, which may be granted if t) it does not endanger national security ) the Council of Ministers is satisfied that an entity to whom the authorization would be transferred or the rights arising from an authorization would be assigned has sufficient technical knowledge, experience and financial resources to secure the proper exercise of the activities of prospecting, exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons v) the entity to which the authorization would be transferred or the rights arising from an authorization would be assigned undertakes to comply with such other conditions and requirements as the Council of Ministers may deem proper to impose. Control of a holder of authorization by a third country or a national of a third country 10) (1) No entity may, after the grant of an authorization thereto, come under the direct or indirect control of a third country, or a national of a third country, without the prior approval of the Council of Ministers. 2) Any holder of an authorization that comes under the direct or indirect control of a third country or a national of a third country without the prior approval of the Council of Ministers, shall commit an offence and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months or to a fine not exceeding eight hundred fifty four thousand and three hundred Euros or to both such penalties. Work practices 11) (1) Every holder of an authorization shall carry out hydrocarbons operations in a proper, safe and workmanlike manner and in accordance with good oilfield practices. Every holder of an authorization is bound to comply with these Regulations and any other legislation regulating work practices, employers’ obligations, safety and health at work and the rights of employees. (2) Every holder of an authorization is bound to: ) ensure that all materials, supplies, machinery, plant, equipment and installations used by him or by subcontractors comply with generally accepted standards in the international petroleum industry and are of proper construction and kept in good working order b) use the natural resources of the area that is included in the authorization granted as productively as practicable c) prevent damage to producing formations and ensure that hydrocarbons discovered, mud or any other fluids or substances do not escape or be wasted d) prevent damage to hydrocarbon and water bearing strata that are adjacent to a producing formation or formations and prevent water from entering any strata bearing hydrocarbons, except where water injection methods are used for secondary recovery operations or are intended otherwise in accordance with generally accepted international petroleum industry practice e) properly store hydrocarbons in receptacles constructed for that purpose, and not store crude oil in an earthen rese rvoir, except temporarily in an emergency and f) apply the provisions of the Solid and Hazardous Waste Law as regards the hydrocarbon waste Directions of the Minister to holders of an authorization in case of contravention of Regulation 11 12) (1) In cases where the Minister scertains that any holder of an authorization has not acted in accordance with Regulation 13, he may notify such holder of an authorization in writing accordingly and require him to show cause, within a specified time-period, why he has omitted to act in accordance with Regulation 13 (2) Where the holder of an authorization to whom a written notice has been sent, in accordance with paragraph (1), fails within the specified time period, to satisfy the Minister that he has acted in accordance with Regulation 13 or to prove that such omission is justified, the Minister may direct in writing the holder of an authorization to take such measures as may be necessary with a view to ensuring compliance of the holder of a n authorization with Regulation 13 (3) Where the holder of an authorization fails to comply with the Minister’s directions pursuant to paragraph (2) a) the holder of an authorization shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine not exceeding one million seven hundred eight thousand and six hundred one euro or to both such penalties: Provided that in case of a prosecution against the holder of an authorization in respect of the offence referred to in this subparagraph, it shall be a defense if the holder of an authorization proves that he promptly took all necessary measures in accordance with good oilfield practices in order to comply with the Minister’s directions b) the Minister may take all or any of the measures required by his directions. In such a case, any costs incurred by the Minister shall be payable by the holder of an authorization and shall be collected as a civil debt due t o the Republic Drilling operations 3) (1) The holder of an authorization is bound to ensure that the well design and conduct of drilling operations, including its casing, cementing, well spacing and plugging operations, shall be in conformity with generally accepted international petroleum industry practice (2) Every well is identified by a name, number and geographic coordinates, which are shown on maps, plans and similar records which the holders of an authorization are bound to keep. The holders of an authorization must promptly notify the Minister in writing of any change of the above-mentioned particulars (3) At least seven days before commencing any drilling or other work with respect to any well or recommencing any drilling or other work with respect to any well on which work has been discontinued for more than six months, the holders of an authorization are bound to notify the Minister in writing of their intention to do so. Such notice shall contain the following: a) the of ficial name and number of the well ) a description of its precise location by reference to geographical coordinates c) a detailed report on the drilling technique to be followed, an estimate of the time and depth required, the material to be used and the safety measures to be taken and d) a well location report along with the geological and geophysical data and any interpretations thereof, upon which the particular location was selected (4) Where any drilling or other work with respect to any well is discontinued for a period exceeding thirty days, the holders of an authorization shall promptly notify the Minister in writing (5) At least two days before recommencing any drilling or any work, with respect to any well on which work has been discontinued for more than thirty days but for less than six months, the holders of an authorization are bound to inform the Minister in writing of their intention to do so (6) No holder of an authorization may drill a well any part of which is les s than two hundred meters from a boundary of the area that is included in the authorization granted except upon the prior written approval of the Minister and under such terms and conditions as the Minister may deem fit to impose Protection of the environment 4) (1) The holder of an authorization shall ensure that hydrocarbons operations are conducted in an environmentally acceptable and safe manner, consistent with the environmental legislation in force for the time being and the good international industry practice, and shall exercise effective control for that purpose (2) The holder of an authorization is bound to take all the necessary measures in order to: a) minimize any avoidable environmental pollution or damage to the water, the soil or the atmosphere, in relation to hydrocarbons operations b) comply with the provisions of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, which entered into force internationally on the 19th June 1975, its Protocol hi ch was signed on the 19th November, 1976 and entered into force internationally on the 8th April, 1981 and the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 and its Protocol of 1976 (Ratification) and Matters Connected Therewith Law of 1989 (3) If the holder of an authorization omits to comply with the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) and any environmental pollution is caused in water, the soil or the atmosphere, the holder of an authorization shall take all reasonable and necessary measures to remedy or eliminate such pollution (4) If the Minister deems that any works or installations erected by the holders of an authorization or any operations conducted by the holders of an authorization endanger or may endanger persons or property of a third-party or cause pollution or harm to the environment, wildlife or marine organisms to a degree which the Minister deems unacceptable, the Minister may require the holder of an authorization to take corrective measures within a reasonable time period specified by the Minister, and to repair any damage to the environment. If the Minister deems it necessary, he may submit a proposal to the Council of Ministers, and the latter may suspend the authorization until the holder of an authorization has taken such corrective measures or has repaired any environmental damage (5) The measures and methods to be used by the holders of an authorization for the purpose of complying with paragraph (2)(a) shall be agreed in consultation with the Minister upon the commencement of the hydrocarbons operations or whenever there is a significant change in the scope or method of conducting hydrocarbons operations. The measures and methods must comply with the international standards applicable in similar circumstances (6)a) Prior to the commencement of any drilling operations, the holder of an authorization shall prepare and submit to the Minister for evaluation and approval, a contingency plan for hydrocarbon leakage and fire. In such a case, the holder of an authorization shall immediately apply the relevant contingency plan b) case of any emergency or accident other than those referred to in subparagraph (a) which affects the environment, the holder of an authorization shall take all reasonable and necessary measures, in accordance with the generally accepted international petroleum industry practice (7) In the event that the holder of an authorization omits to take the measures provided for in paragraphs (1) to (6), within the time-period specified by the Minister, the Minister may direct any action which he deems necessary and require the holder of an authorization to pay any expenses required for the execution of such actions Construction and maintenance of installations, pipelines and related equipment 15) (1) The holder of an authorization is bound to maintain in good condition and repair all structures, equipment and other installations used for the hydrocarbons operations and being available in the area that is included in the authorization granted (2) In conducting offshore operations, the holder of an authorization, in accordance with international petroleum industry practice and applicable legislation and regulations, is bound to ensure that constructions and installations to be erected shall: a) be constructed, placed, marked, buoyed, equipped and maintained so that there are safe and convenient channels for navigation b) be fitted with navigational aids and be illuminated between sunset and sunrise in accordance with the provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1973, its Protocol of 1978 and the Resolutions MEPC 14(20) of 1984, MEPC 16(22) and MEPC 21(22) of 1985 c) be kept in good repair and working order and ) not hinder navigation or fishing or cause pollution of the sea or rivers (3) No holder of an authorization may construct, alter or operate a pipeline, pumping station, storage facility or any other related facilities for the conveyance or storage of hydrocarbons from the area that is included in the authorization granted except upon his written application and the approval of the Minister (4) Such written application, referred to in paragraph (3) above, shall contain the following information: a) the proposed design and construction of the pipeline, pumping station, storage facility or other related facilities b) the proposed work program and budget and the technical and financial resources available to the holder of an authorization for the construction, alteration or operation of the pipeline, pumping station, storage facility or any other related facilities and c) the proposed route to be followed by the pipeline an d the location of any pumping station, storage facility or other related facilities to be constructed, altered or operated (5) a) The Minister may, by Order published in the Official Gazette of the Republic, order the construction of common installations, including pipelines and other transportation, processing, storage and communication facilities, for different areas included in the authorizations granted, if this is justified by public interest b) The holders of an authorization referred to in subparagraph (a) shall take all necessary measures and use their best efforts to reach agreement on the construction and operation of such common facilities and shall report to the Minister every fifteen days on the progress of their negotiations. If no agreement is reached after the expiration of three months, the Minister may refer the dispute to a mediation procedure (6) a) Where there exists excess capacity, a holder of an authorization may, upon approval by the Minister, enter into an agreement with another holder of an authorization, in order to use such facilities including pipelines and any other transportation, processing, storage and communication facilities b) If no agreement is reached within thirty days for the usage of the installations, the holder of an authorization who wishes to enter into an agreement may submit an application to the Minister, who, if he deems it appropriate, shall refer the dispute to arbitration or mediation Measurement of hydrocarbons 6) (1) a) Every holder of an authorization is bo und to obtain, operate and maintain equipment for measuring the volume and quality of any hydrocarbons produced and saved from the area that is included in the authorization granted to him including equipment o r other measuring devices of the gravity, density, temperature and pressure b) All such equipment and devices along with their permissible tolerances shall not be installed or used or replaced or altered except with the prior approval of the Minister (2) Such measurement, as referred to in paragraph (1), shall be conducted by the method or methods customarily used in the international petroleum industry. The frequency and the measuring operations must be submitted in advance to the Minister for approval (3) The holder of an authorization shall give to the Minister two days’ notice of his intention to conduct measuring operations and an authorized officer may be present and inspect such operations (4) Equipment and measuring devices shall be available for nspection and testing at all reasonable times by any authorized officers: Provided that, any such inspection and testing does not obstruct the normal operation of the facilities involved (5) If it is ascertained, following an inspection or test referred to in paragraph (4), that the equipment, devices or procedures used for measurement are inaccurate and exceed the permissible tolerances approved as provided for in paragraph (1), such inaccuracy is deemed to have existed for the entire period since the last such inspection or test, unless it is proved that the inaccuracy has been in existence for a longer or shorter period. The holders of an authorization shall proceed to the appropriate adjustments within thirty days from the date of such ascertainment Authorized officers 7) (1) The Minister may, by notification published in the Official Gazette of the Republic, authorize an appropriate person or persons to act as authorized officers in the application of this Law and the Regulations made there under and the conditions of the authorization (2) An authorized officer may carry out any or all of the following acts: a) enter at all reasonable times, showing his credentials, if so requested, and without pri or notice, any building or premises or any other place, in which he has reasonable cause to believe that there is a contravention of the conditions of the holder’s authorization or any other contravention of this Law and the Regulations. Provided that, an authorized officer may not enter any residence without the prior securing of a judicial warrant b) carry out such searches, examinations, tests, inspections, reviews and investigations that may be necessary for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is a contravention of the conditions of the holder’s authorization or any other contravention of this Law and to inspect, take extracts or copies of documents related to the hydrocarbons operations c) keep copies of any evidence or records which he has reasonable cause to believe that may be required for the purpose of proof in criminal or civil proceedings in respect of any offence pursuant to this Law and copies of any information required to be given to the Minister under section 17, on condition that the provisions of the Processing of Personal Data (Protection of Individuals) Laws are being complied with d) carry out anything that he may deem ecessary and reasonable with a view to securing compliance with the provisions of this Law and the Regulations made thereunder e) enter at all reasonable times, showing his credentials, if so requested and without any prior notice, any building, premises, area, vehicle, vessel or aircraft, and examine any machinery or equipment, which has been, is being or is to be used in connection with the hydrocarbons operations f) enter at all reasonable times, showing his credentials, if so requested and without any prior notice, any building, premises, area, vehicle, vessel or aircraft, and examine any machinery or equipment, which has been, is being or is to be used in connection with the hydrocarbons operations (3) Any holder of an authorization and any person who is the owner, occupier or in charge of any building, premises, area, vehicle, vessel or aircraft, machinery or equipment referred to in subsection (2), is bound to provide the Minister with all reasonable assistance, including the provision of necessary means of transport, for the effective ex ercise of his powers Unit development 8) (1) For the purposes of this Regulation, â€Å"unit development†, in relation to a hydrocarbon reservoir, means the operations for the recovery of hydrocarbons being carried on or, to be carried on in an area, for which an authorization has been granted and in which there is part of a reservoir, that falls into another area that is included in an authorization granted to another person by the Republic or other state and in which operations for the recovery of hydrocarbons are carried on or will be carried on (2) No holder of an authorization may enter into an agreement in writing with another person for, or in relation to, the unit development of a hydrocarbon reservoir except upon the submission of such an agreement to the Minister and his written approval (3) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), the Minister may, either on his own motion or following an application made to him in writing by a holder of an authorization in whos e licensed area there is a part of a particular hydrocarbon reservoir, for the purpose of securing the more effective and productive recovery of hydrocarbons from that hydrocarbon reservoir, direct any such holder of an authorization whose licensed area includes part of that hydrocarbon reservoir to enter into an agreement in writing within a specified period or or in relation to the unit development of the hydrocarbon reservoir (4) Where a holder of an authorization, omits to enter into the agreement referred to in paragraph (3) within the specified period or enters into the agreement referred to in paragraphs (2) and (3) but omits to submit it to the Minister for approval, the Minister may, by notice served on the holder of an authorization, request the submission, within a specified period, of an action plan for, or in relation to, the unit development of hydrocarbons (5) In case the hydrocarbon reservoir extends beyond the median line that separates the Exclusive Economic Zones of the Republic and a neighboring country, the unit development shall be governed by the relevant international agreements Records 9) Every operator is bound to keep at his office in the Republic accurate records in respect of the area that is included in the authorization granted, containing full particulars of the following a) the areas in which any geological or geophysical work has been carried out b) accurate geological maps and plans, geophysical records and interpretations thereof c) drilling, operation, deepening, plugging or abandonment of wells d) the strata and subsoil through which wells are drilled e) the casing inserted in wells and any alteration to such casing f) any hydrocarbons, water and other economic minerals or dangerous substances encountered g) such other matters as the Contract may provide or as the Minister may deem reasonably necessary to require by notice in writing served on the holder of an authorization Reports 0) (1) The holders of an authorization ar e bound to inform the Minister of all major developments in relation to the course of hydrocarbons operations (2) Without prejudice to those mentioned in paragraph (1), the holders of an authorization shall submit to the Minister the following particulars a. as soon as possible after the same are acquired or prepared i. copies of all geological, geophysical and other technical reports, well logs, maps, diagrams, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored data, in any form, reports and interpretations which have been prepared by or for the holder of an authorization and ii. representative geological samples including cuts of core and cutting samples, properly labeled, from all wells drilled b. at half-yearly intervals commencing from the completion of six months from the grant of an authorization iii. summary of all geological and geophysical works carried out and the results thereof iv. a summary of all drilling operations and the results thereof and v. a list of maps, reports and other geological and geophysical data prepared by or for the holder of an authorization, in respect of the period concerned c. every year and within sixty days commencing from the completion of one year from the grant of an authorization: vi. a report describing the results of all hydrocarbons operations carried out by the holder of an authorization within the year concerned and vii. estimates, if available, of economically recoverable reserves of crude oil and natural gas at the end of the year concerned d. ummaries of exploration wells drilled, including lithological groups and hydrocarbons zones, within six months of completion of drilling or, in the case of information that cannot be reasonably obtained in that period, as soon as possible thereafter e. any other available information, data, reports, assessments and interpretations related to the hydrocarbons operations as the Minister may reasonably require (3) No holder of an authorization may transport outside the Republic ori ginals of records, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored records, in any form, except upon the prior approval of the Minister, which may be granted if the Minister is satisfied that f. the magnetic tapes or other data which will be processed or analyzed outside the Republic shall be exported only if the originals or copies shall remain in the Republic and g. n case where such originals of records, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored records, in any form, are exported outside the Republic, the said originals shall be returned to the Republic within a reasonable time-limit (4) Ownership of all original information and data referred to in this Regulation shall vest in the Republic (5) The Minister may have access to the originals of all records, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored records in any form, and may, upon request, obtain two copies thereof from the holder of an authorization free of charge (6) The holder of an authorization shall keep originals beyond th e termination of the Contract for a period and under such terms prescribed in the Contract Hydrocarbons production records 1) (1) The operator is bound to keep during the validity of the Contract at his office in the Republic accurate production records containing full particulars of the following: w) the gross quantity of any crude oil and natural gas produced and saved from the area that is included in the authorization granted x) the grades, gravity and composition of any crude oil produced and the composition of any natural gas produced y) any quantities of crude oil, natural gas and sulfur, in any form, or any other minerals, gases, liquids or solids disposed of by way of sale or otherwise, the consideration received, the quantity disposed of and the name and address of the natural or legal person to whom any such quantity was disposed of z) the quantity of crude oil, natural gas and other liquids or gases injected into a geological formation {) the quantity of crude oil and na tural gas consumed for drilling and other development and production operations, other than the quantity referred to in Sub paragraph (d), and the quantity of crude oil and natural gas consumed in pumping to field storage, in the refineries of the Republic or up to the delivery point |) the quantity of crude oil refined by or on behalf of the holder of an authorization in the Republic, if any }) the quantity of natural gas treated in the Republic by or on behalf of the holder of an authorization for the removal of liquids and liquefied petroleum gases and the quantity of butane, propane and any other liquids, gases or any solids obtained therefrom ~) the quantity of natural gas flared or vented and ) any other information as the Contract may provide or the Minister may reasonably require in writing by the holder of an authorization Obligations in case of termination of an authorization 22) In case of termination, revocation, suspension, cancellation or expiration of an authorizatio n, or upon relinquishment of any part of the area that is included in the authorization granted, the holder of an authorization is bound, within seven days, to deliver to the Minister, in relation to the area, copies of such documents or material not previously delivered. The Minister may, by notice in writing, require the holder of an authorization to deliver any other data as he may reasonably deem necessary Confidentiality 23) (1) Subject to the provisions of section 20 of the Law, all returns, reports, plans, data and other information submitted to the Minister pursuant to these Regulations shall be treated as confidential within the meaning of section 13 of the Statistics Law, and shall not be disclosed to third parties prior to the relinquishment of the area to which the above-mentioned particulars relate or prior to the expiry of the exploration period if such area is not sooner relinquished, unless the Contract provides otherwise (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) ) any surface geological maps and interpretations may be utilized at any time by the competent authorities of the Republic for incorporation into official maps b) annual statistical information may be published at any time by the Republic in a form which does not dis close the operations of any particular holder of an authorization c) the Republic may communicate such returns, reports, plans, data and other information at any time, if deemed necessary, to professional consultants, lawyers, legal advisers, accountants, underwriters, creditors, government services and organizations and public corporations (3) Without prejudice to the terms of the Contract, no holder of an authorization may publish or communicate any returns, reports, plans, data and other information compiled, received, kept or submitted pursuant to these Regulations or the terms of the Contract except upon the prior written approval of the Minister (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3), the holders of an authorization may, without the prior written approval of the Minister, communicate such returns, reports, plans, data and other information available, to professional consultants, lawyers, legal advisers, accountants, underwriters, creditors and companies in which t he holders of an authorization maintain the majority in shares, or appoint the majority of members of the board of directors as well as to services and organizations and public corporations of the Republic that shall be entitled to require he disclosure of such information (5) Any notification or communication made by the Minister or a holder of an authorization pursuant to this Regulation shall be made on condition that the information so notified or communicated shall be deemed to be and treated as confidential by the natural or legal person that is the recipient of such information Powers of the Court for seizure and confiscation 24) The Court may order that any quantity of hydrocarbons that has been obtained as a result of the commission of an offence, as well as any machine, equipment, vehicle, ship or aircraft and also any construction that has been used during the commission thereof shall be confiscated and/or seized. Where the confiscation of hydrocarbons is not possible, th e Court may order that the person committing the offence shall pay a fine to at least the value of the quantity of the hydrocarbons that have been unlawfully obtained Abandonment 5) (1) Unless the Minister deems otherwise, on expiry of the time-period or termination of an authorization, the holder of an authorization is bound to: ) remove all equipment, installations, structures, plants, appliances and pipelines from the area in accordance with the abandonment plan provided by the Contract ) perform all necessary site restoration activities in accordance with good international petroleum industry practice and take all other necessary measures to prevent hazards to human life or to the property of others or the environment (2) For the purpose of complying with the provisions of this Regulation, the Minister may, at any time, in accordance with the terms of the Contract, require the holders of an authorization to submit a guarantee, for an amount determined by the Minister, or in the alternative, to establish a reserve for future estimated abandonment and site restoration costs Abandonment of the well 6) (1) Prior to the abandonment of any well, the holders of an authorization are bound to inform the Minister in writing of their intention to do so, in the case of a producing well, at least thirty days before the abandonment and, in the case of any other well, at least two days before the abandonment. Such written notice shall contain a detailed plan and a time-schedule for the abandonment and plugging of the well. (2) Subject to the terms of the Contract, the holder of an authorization may, upon the expiration of the relevant period specified in the notice referred to in paragraph (1), or upon receipt by the holder of an authorization of the written approval of the plan by the Minister as provided for in paragraph (1), whichever is earlier, commence the abandonment operations in relation to such well. (3) The holder of an authorization is bound to: plug such wel l with a view to avoiding pollution and possible damage to the reservoir and, unless the Contract otherwise provides or the Minister otherwise decides, remove all equipment, materials and facilities relating thereto ) ensure that cemented strings or other forms of casing shall not be withdrawn except with the prior written approval of the Minister and ) permit an authorized officer to inspect such abandonment operations. REFERENCES Marc Hammerson, Upstream Oil and Gas, July 2011 Republic of Cyprus, The hydrocarbons (prospection, exploration and exploitation) regulations, 2007and 2009 Republic of Cyprus, The hydrocarbons (prospection, exploration and exploitation) law, 2007 How to cite The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual, Essay examples

The Help free essay sample

How did people use non-verbals to communicate their status and identities in The Help? (e. g. : artifacts used by wealthy/poor, language tones/volume, dress codes, appearance, rituals, etc. ) The lines between black and white are clearly delineated by more than color in this film. While the socialite white women, even on routine days for mundane activities, dress in pretty pressed dresses, manicured nails, stiffly styled hair, and nice jewelry (reminds me of June Cleaver), the maids must wear identical uniforms, have severe hairstyles, and little or no jewelry. Their greatest possession is the purse they carry this seems to be of great importance, especially to Yule Mae when she is arrested. The maids are disallowed to speak in company unless it involves serving of some kind and must always address white folks with â€Å"sir†, â€Å"ma’am†, or â€Å"miss†. The maids must submit to white authority in all things (for fear of job loss or worse) and keep their voices low and calm in order to avoid tension or stress. We will write a custom essay sample on The Help or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And sassing (verbal and nonverbal) is a punishable offense as seen when Minny uses Hilly’s bathroom during the storm. Hilly could not care less about Minny’s safety in going outside during the dangerous storm, but rather is more concerned about how â€Å"clean† her toilet remains. There are many facial expressions and body postures that convey status/identity as well as artifacts. Hilly’s consistently raised chin and haughty expression mark her as quite self-important and the self-appointed leader of the socialites. Conversely, the maids (with the exception of Minny) keep their eyes down, if not their heads, hands to their sides, unless working, and maintain a social distance (more than 4 or 5 feet) from white people. Skeeter and Celia are the two white exceptions since they both accept the black women as equals and treat them with respect and kindness. Can prejudice and discrimination be expressed nonverbally? How? Provide examples from The Help when prejudice and discrimination was expressed nonverbally. One of the physical ways used in this movie to express prejudice is the use of hand gestures by Hilly. She flicks her hand in an upward motion when she orders Minny to cut a slice of pie for Mrs. Walters. The wicked facial expression indicates her hate of the black woman, especially because of her refusal to obey an order. There were several instances when Skeeter was speaking with one of the maids and one of the Junior League women caught her that they reflected their disapproval and distaste for so personal an interaction between a white and a black person. A painful expression is worn by Aibileen as she is forced to overhear Hilly’s insulting speech about the need for separate bathrooms. Not only does the hurt show on Aibileen’s face but she also hides in the hallway rather than have to be present during the conversation, as if she should be ashamed of her skin. Another example, this one involving white rejecting white, is when Celia shows up at Elizabeth’s during the bridge club luncheon. Not only do they refuse to answer the door but make a half-hearted attempt to hide from her when she comes to the window. They are giggling, covering their mouths with their fingers (as if this is a grand joke or oh, so cute), and you can overhear rude remarks about her desperation and obvious lack of social etiquette. One last example was in the grocery store at the end of the movie. Aibileen and Minny are shopping, walking down the aisle side by side with their carts. However, when a white woman approaches Aibileen it is made clear that she is to move aside and let the white woman pass, which she does with an apologetic look and hanging of her head (as if she were ashamed for having been in the way). Give me an example of someone in The Help whose nonverbal behavior was insulting, ridiculing, or demeaning to others. Which character was not insulting or demeaning to others? Explain. There are more variations of prejudice in this movie than just between races. One of the painful moments, at least for me, was when Celia Foote shows up, uninvited, to the bridge club luncheon at Elizabeths house. Pie in hand, she is hoping to make friends and finally be included in the social circle of Jackson. However, at Hilly’s urging, the entire group â€Å"hides† and is â€Å"shushed† in a poor attempt to evade Celia, who is considered an outcast because of where she came from and how she grew up (poor). Celia’s face, when she realizes what is happening, is painful to see and as she comes up out of the flower bed, her short attempt to be brave dissolves into tears. I believe where Celia came from and how she grew up gives her a greater compassion and understanding of the maids’ lives. She seems childlike in her acceptance of them and is ignorant of â€Å"proper social etiquette†. She simply takes them as they are, respects them as human beings and fellow women, and bestows care and affection generously. She is also open-minded concerning Hilly’s behavior and tries to shed a kinder light on why there is conflict between them, even after the luncheon debacle. Have you ever made a prejudgement about someone because of their nonverbals? If so, provide an example. Anyone who says they have never prejudged another person is lying. It is, unfortunately, in our nature to judge others, especially when we think we are better than they are. Most of the time we are wrong, but, once in awhile, we get it right. I was hired at The Home Depot in Kansas several years ago as a cashier. Shortly after I finished my training and was put on the register another woman, about my age, came out of training and joined me up front. She, like me, was an extrovert and seemed happy and friendly, coaxing confidences out of all of us. Particularly me, since we shared (or at least I thought we did) a common faith. It wasn’t until later that I found out she was not only cheating on a husband and using a boyfriend for free shelter and food, she was also a liar and a backstabber. She had been telling others things we had shared in confidence, with a little embellishment for good measure. My mistake was giving her credit for being a good person because of her clean appearance, she was well-dressed and accessorized, she had a winning smile and bubbly laughter, and seemed so open with her life and beliefs. She cemented these nonverbals with proclamations of sincerity and Christian values. I suffered some very embarrassing moments over my misjudgment. Have you ever had a negative nonverbal experience? Tell me about it. It was Wednesday choir practice and I was sitting with the director’s wife on the front row waiting for rehearsal to begin. Her husband was on stage arranging his music and making small talk with us. I responded to one of his quips with a â€Å"cute†, and I though humorous, quip of my own. I found out immediately that she didn’t appreciate my comment and perceived it as a â€Å"territorial dispute† (him being the territory! when she stomped on my foot with extreme force (I limped for a couple days) and growled in my face, â€Å"He’s mine! † I was stunned and I’m sure it registered on my face. However, she was unapologetic and stomped away. I was mortified since we were not the only people in the auditorium. Clearly, she communicated her anger, resentment, disgust, and an unspoken threat to keep my hands of f her property (since I didn’t like him, my thought was she’d be the only one who’d have him anyway). Explain the differences in the usage of proximity between the two cultures in the movie. While the white socialites observed white rules of space (hugging, sitting close, touching, etc, though it is stiff and emotionless) the blacks were not allowed to engage white people this way. There was a social distance maintained, unless children were involved. The maids would stand a distance of more than 4 or 5 feet away from white people and wait to be commanded. It was rather humorous to me that the white women didn’t want the maids to touch their utensils, cups, dishes, skin, toilets, etc. ut were entirely at peace with them cooking (handling food), laundering (the clothes touched by blacks then touched their bodies), and mothering the children. Even when Skeeter goes to Aibileen’s own house, Aibileen has a difficult time sitting in Skeeter’s presence (she finally ends up sitting on the arm of a chair, the furthest place away from Skeeter) and, for a time, continues to act as if she’s waiting on the white woman. As we see the intimate times in Aibi e’s house between she, Skeeter, and Minny, it becomes clear that the black people share space much more than whites do. They touch one another, hug firmly (as opposed to a light, meaningless embrace), laugh loudly, and have much more passion in life than their white employers. Define culture shock. The friendships created between Skeeter, Aibileen, and Minny broke societal rules during the 1960’s in Mississippi. How did people react when the secret friendships were revealed? Did people experience culture shock? Explain. Culture shock is the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes. There was an uproar, socially, about Skeeter’s relationship with the two maids. People were incensed that she would debase herself, her family, and her race in this way (by fraternizing with â€Å"the enemy†). However, as people began to read the book, I believe they were faced with the choice of what to do with this knowledge. The stories in the book revealed the truth about what happens behind the scenes to the black women that serve white families and raise white children. Many of these stories, I’m sure, were ugly, painful, and humiliating. Once everyone knows the truth, each person must choose how to deal with that truth. This creates a type of culture shock. Some, like Skeeter’s mama, chose to support her and confess fault. Others, like Stuart, openly denied the truth or validity of Skeeter’s stance and ended their relationship. Hilly is very obviously divided within herself when Aibileen asks her, â€Å"Aren’t you tired Miss Hilly? Aren’t you tired? † I think she meant tired of holding on to an outdated way of thinking, fighting the tides of change, and being such a sad, lonely, mean person. 8. How did Skeeter deal with cultural tension between both cultures? Provide an example. a. Skeeter started out the same way all the other young women did. The daughter of wealthy, respectable white families, and raised by a black nanny/maid. Upon arriving home from college, she integrates herself back into society by attending the various meeting, luncheons, and bridge club dates. However, as s he sees and hears the ugly, supremacist treatment of The Help, she begins to bite back at her friends, though small at first. The initial example of this is at bridge club when Hilly is discussing her ‘Home Health Sanitation Initiative’ and Skeeter finally busts out with, â€Å"Maybe we should build YOU a bathroom outside, Hilly! † As her incense grows, Skeeter begins to form friendships with the maids Aibileen and Minny in a hope to write a book and thereby, maybe, right a wrong. She lies about her conversation in the kitchen with Yule Mae and intentionally plays a joke on Hilly with the toilets on the lawn. These are Skeeter’s little ways of dealing with the racial situation she finds herself in. I was a bit disappointed in the indirect ways she chose to â€Å"voice† her disapproval but it was a dangerous time for black sympathizers as well as the blacks themselves. 9. Did the more powerful societal group in The Help establish the rules for communication? How? a. The power group, the white women, certainly set the rules on how, when, where, and to whom the maids could interact. Fear was the crux of their power. The maids chafed under the supreme rule of the white yet they were powerless to do anything about it or they would lose their jobs and be blacklisted. Or worse, imprisoned or killed. Because of white supremacy sentiments and Jim Crow laws, blacks could be mob-lynched (killed by hanging or dragging) for the smallest of infractions, even if they were imagined. So, the black women only voiced their feelings to one another, in private, and even then they whispered. Otherwise, they kept their heads down, did their work, and tolerated the abuse. Times have changed how we communicate with others. How can you improve your intercultural communication skills? Provide examples. a. One of the biggest obstacles to accepting and positively interacting with an other person is a closed-minded attitude. We must first be willing to accept the fact that our own way of thinking, believing, and doing things is not the only right way. So, an open-minded approach is always best when communicating with others. Another way to hone good skills is to look for ways to positively interact with others, especially those with whom you do not share a common culture. Volunteer work, random acts of kindness, being openly friendly, making eye contact, smiling, and even attempts at vocal niceties can open many avenues to deeper, more meaningful experiences.

Make Sure Your Website Gets an F

Make Sure Your Website Gets an F Make Sure Your Website Gets an F Make Sure Your Website Gets an F By Mark Nichol Do you have your own blog or Web site, or are you responsible for the site of another individual or an organization or company? If so, remember that the medium is (also) the message how the information is presented affects how it is received. So, to help site visitors engage with your content, consider the F not the letter f, but the online-design principle of the F-shaped pattern. One way people who study engagement with online content measure that engagement is by eye tracking: observing the eye movements of test subjects as they navigate within and between pages on a Web site. Research results have shown that most site visitors scan Web sites with eye movements roughly corresponding to the F shape. Because Western culture is, well, acculturated to engaging in text-based visual stimuli from the top left of a piece of content, Web designers have learned to put the most important visual information in that position on a Web page. (Quick what do you see at the top left of this page? That’s right, the logo form of the site name its brand.) And because readers of English (and all other Indo-European languages) read from left to right, it is natural for our eyes to move to the right from our first point of reference. That means that usually, our first eye-tracking movement is a line like the top horizontal line in the uppercase version of the letter f. Then, accustomed as we are to return to the left margin of a page, we backtrack horizontally or return diagonally to that location (as opposed to reading boustrophedon, or in a zigzag pattern). At this point, we skim from left to right again, as if forming with the movement of our eyes the letter f’s second horizontal element. A snapshot of an eye-tracking study (which often employs heat-mapping technology and connect-the-dots lines to record the ocular oscillations) may show multiple horizontal sweeps, but these lines generally extend less and less as the eyes travel downward, and a vertical line along or near the left margin of the page is also an almost invariable artifact of such studies, demonstrating that many site visitors scan down the page at about the same short distance from the margin. Variations occur, of course, especially when the page designer incorporates an arresting textual or illustrative element elsewhere on the page, but the F shape is the default setting for displaying written content online. (This pattern doesn’t necessarily apply when the home page features a block of text, but it’s typical on home pages dominated by a table of contents or a directory.) The take-away: As you’ll see from studying this site and many others, the F-shaped presentation of content is a pervasive and persuasive scheme of organization. There’s more to it than that, of course and I’ll share more tips in subsequent posts but this outline starts not with a, but with f. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherLatin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Definition What Is Community Service

Definition What Is Community Service SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you looking for ways to help others?Are you interested in community service and want to learn more about it? Read this guide to learn what community service is, examples of community service, and how you can find service projects that interest you. What Is Community Service? Community service is work done by a person or group of people that benefits others. It is often done near the area where you live, so your own community reaps the benefits of your work.You do not get paid to perform community service, though sometimes food and small gifts, like a t-shirt, are given to volunteers. Community service can help any group of people in need: children, senior citizens, people with disabilities, English language learners, and more. Itcan also help animals, such as those at a shelter, and it can be used to improve places, such as a local park, historic building, or scenic area as well.Community service is often organized through a local group, such as a place of worship, school, or non-profit organization. You canalso start your own community service projects. Some students are required to complete community service as part of a class requirement in order to graduate high school or become a member of certain organizations, such as the National Honor Society. Adults can also participate in community service as a way to help others or if they are ordered to do so by a judge. What Are Examples of Community Service? There are hundreds of ways to participate in community service, depending on your skills and interests.Some common community service examples include: Working with schoolchildren:Tutoring children after school, collecting school supplies to donate, planting a school garden. Working with senior citizens:Visiting residents of a retirement center, delivering meals to senior citizens, driving them to appointments. Improving the environment:Holding a recycling contest, planting trees, creating a new trail at a nature center. Helping low-income people:Passing out food at a soup kitchen, collecting used clothes to be donated, making first aid kits for homeless shelters. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Are the Benefits of Community Service? There are many benefits of participating in community service, and some of the most important ones are listed below. Have the opportunity to help others:This is often the most important benefit of community service. Participating in it gives you the opportunity to know that you are improving someone's life and making your community better, and you get to see the direct impact of your work. Gain hands-on experience:You can learn a lot of skills while performing community service such as construction, painting, customer service, and medical skills. You can alsoinclude your community service work on your resume. Learn about different careers:Sometimes you can focus your community service in a field you may want to work in down the road. Some examples of this includevolunteering at an animal shelter if you are thinking about becoming a veterinarian, working at a hospital if you want to be a doctor, or volunteering in a museum if you like history.The experience gained from community service can help you get an internship or job in the future, and it also gives you the opportunityto see how much you would really enjoy a particular career. Personal growth:Doing community service has personal benefits as well.It often makes participants more organized, responsible, and compassionate, which are all good qualities to have, as well as qualities that both colleges and employers like to see in applicants. Gain new friends:A final benefit is that youcan meet a lot of great people while doing community service.Community service is often done in groups, so it’s easy to make friends with the people you are working with.You may also become friends with the people you are helping, especially if you volunteer at the same place regularly. Where Can You Find Community Service Projects? Your school or groups you belongto:This caninclude clubs, places of worship, community centers or any other organizations you are a member of. To find community service opportunities, check their website, bulletin board, or newsletter.If you are a student, your school may also have a community service club that makes it easier to get involved. Places where you'd like to volunteer:If you have a specific place where you’d like to perform community service, like a hospital or animal shelter, contact them and ask if they take volunteers. Your community itself:You can also look for opportunities at your town hall, or similar building. Also, check your town’s website or newsletter. Many include a section that lists current volunteer opportunities. What's Next? Did you know that your volunteer work can earn you money for college? It can! Check out the complete list of community service scholarships. Considering doing community service in a foreign country? Check out our guide to see whether you should participate in a volunteer abroad program. Do you want more examples of community service? We have a list of 129 great volunteer ideas! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Rotana Hotels Management Corporation Research Paper

The Rotana Hotels Management Corporation - Research Paper Example Recommendations based on the Operations Management are given at the end of the report. The Rotana Hotels Management Corporation known as the Rotana Hotels’ basic philosophy is that ‘hospitality is a fine art. There is no way it can be learned; it has to be a way of life.’ Even though it is very simple, yet it clearly illustrates the fact that the aspect of hospitality is a part of every level of the organization and is the basic foundation to its standards. The Rotana Hotels Management Corporation known as the Rotana Hotels, one of the leading hotel management companies in the Middle East, was established in 1992, by a partnership between Nasser Al Nowais and Selim El Zyr, who were joined three years later by Nael Hashweh and Imad Elias. The Rotana Hotels Management Corporation started its operation as Rotana hotel in 1993 in Abu Dhabi. â€Å"Our vision is to be the Leading and Preferred Hospitality Management Company within the Middle East, operating Hotels, Suites, and Resorts. We have the expertise, the passion and the competitive strength to achieve this goal†. â€Å"We will identify and exceed the expectations of our Guests, Staff, and Owners through innovative and creative solutions, combined with personalized care to gain their loyalty. We will constantly maintain International quality standards complemented with traditional Arabic Hospitality†. The forecasting for hiring new staff at Rotana Hotels mainly depends on the increase in the number of branches or new extensions. This indicates that if Rotana Hotels is extending its existing operations then they would work on recruiting or promoting previous staff for the new positions available. Forecasting demand: According to the requirements of the operations and making use  of the trend analysis based on previous information regarding the experienced occupancy, Rotana Hotels is able to forecast the forthcoming needs of employment in every aspect by using both bottoms-up forecasting and to down forecasting.

China's One Child Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China's One Child Policy - Essay Example wever, if the first child turns out to be a girl, the couple is allowed to have a second sibling of the girl (BBC, â€Å"China dissident Chen Guangcheng arrives in the US†). The Chinese government was also observed to be majorly in the favor of the law of One-Child Policy, as it helped to control the massive population growth and thus reduce unemployment and redundancy issues. This was further expected to enhance the economic conditions of the country by a large extent. It is in this context that after the imposition of this law, the extent of population in Chinese economy reduced to a certain extent which proved quite beneficial for the government to facilitate the economic growth drivers in terms of wealth distribution and education among others (BBC, â€Å"Hong Kong to Limit Mainland China Maternity Services†). The law of One-Child Policy was established in the year 1979, in order to diminish the hastily increasing population of China and the further consequences led by such issues. The objective of this law was to impose a legal restriction on the couples, discouraging them from having more than one child. For this reason, it is also referred to as family planning policy. Even though it has often been noted to be misinterpreted by maximum citizens referring it as a forced strategy to have a single child, this law was principally implemented to enhance the development and well-being of the economy thereby reducing its level of paucity (Devichand, â€Å"China: Growing Old Before It Can Grow Rich?†). One-Child Policy can be regarded as a vital populace control approach which has been implemented by the Chinese government for the betterment of the economy. However, it also had a negative impact over the populace by enhancing the rate of female infanticide and strained abortions. It is in this context that abortions took place even at the final stages of pregnancy leading to varied types of complications towards the health of the female populace (Lim, â€Å"Enter the