Design the Evaluation Plan, Part 3 Research Paper

Structure the Evaluation Plan, Part 3 - Research Paper Example This anyway is unimaginable if the educators in the framework are definitely not. Consistently there are numerous instances of disappointed guardians and understudies who feel that the treatment they get in our state funded schools is shy of their desires. It is in this way shrewd to think of a preparation program that trains educators on the issue. For the legislature to help such a preparation venture, we have to assess the social fitness of the instructors in our schools first. Considering this, this paper is an assessment plan for the social capability of educators in government funded schools. Assessment Scope and Purpose The Department of Education is keen on financing a proposed preparing venture to improve social ability of the educators in state funded schools. It authorized an assessment of the instructor social ability in order to get information to pass the educator social fitness preparing as strategy. Important to the ED is an assessment plan which recognizes the projec t’s qualities and shortcomings with the goal that they will have the way to improve the instructive framework. Accentuation is particularly laid on the need to upgrade the social fitness of the educators. The moral issues around earlier lead of the educators should be assessed because of political contemplations. There is the evident need to upgrade the social skill of the instructors. ... social capability of the instructors that are not in the preparation venture plan premonition and subsequently have potential solutions for them looked for a forehand before the preparation initiates. The assessment tries to respond to the inquiries; I. Is there a desperate need to improve the social ability of the instructors in the government funded schools? ii. Are the state funded training partners happy with the social fitness of the educators? iii. What ought to be point by point in their social capability preparing venture? Assessment Team Members and Stakeholders The assessment group will comprises of a gathering of ten (10) looked over a few controls. There will be one (1) general administrator who will be the assessment representative. The general administrator gives errands and will go about as the task organizer. It is imperative to have an in-control for any gathering to work adequately. There will be two (2) review officials, three (3) social specialists who ought to be specialists in government funded training issues, two (2) volunteers and two (2) outer evaluators. It is savvy to lead the assessment with ‘outsiders’ since they are not associated with the financing or the usage of the program. They are helpful in recognizing valuable markers, surveying the program comparable to quality, adequacy and productivity and portraying pre-and post-program levels of stressors. Their methodology is unbiased because of absence of any connections with the association henceforth they have a non-divided point of view to the assessment. Their information must be fair-minded in the assessment. In any case, the confinements that accompany outside evaluators are absence of specific information in issues concerning state funded training. They should be a wellspring of additional weight on the partners. Venture Logic and Indicators The assessment will have two planned

Education system exists mainly Free Essays

Utilizing material from thing An and somewhere else, asses the view that the instruction framework exists for the most part to choose and get ready youngsters for their future work jobs BY subterranean insect Kuz Using material from thing An and somewhere else, asses the view that the training framework exists principally to choose and get ready youngsters for their future work jobs One approach to choose and get ready youngsters for their future work jobs is by choosing and dispensing understudies of instruction a job in the public eye, as is referenced in thing A: â€Å"it likewise chooses and distributes them to their future work roles† which implies social nequality is legitimized as a result of the chain of importance of society †somebody must be on top and somebody must be base, as is gushing energized in a similar way. This thought is supposed to be originated from having a meritocratic culture where everybody has an equity of chance introduced to them in training and afterward on, the working environment. This is the means by which instruction fills its need to choose youngsters for their future work jobs. We will compose a custom article test on Training framework exists chiefly or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Another way that youngsters are arranged and chosen for their future work jobs is by instruction giving them the â€Å"specialised information and slaughters they will require when they Join the workforce†, as referenced in thing A. This is finished by giving a prepared and qualified workforce in instruction by the presentation of professional courses like current apprenticeships which join preparing and low maintenance participation at school, implying that they learn on a Job just as learning in training condition. New Right are the sociologists which concentrated a great deal on marketization of instruction which concentrated on empowering rivalry between schools with the goal that training would improve, giving a superior work power to society and thusly, better planning youngsters for their future work jobs. Nonetheless, one of the key elements of training is social solidarity which implies singular citizenry must feel like they are a piece of a solitary network of individuals; Durkheim contends that without it public activity and collaboration would not be conceivable as everybody would need to accomplish their own narrow minded wants. He contends this is instructed when we find out about History and Citizenship, which give us the possibility of a common network; likewise it does this by passing on society’s culture and proceeds with the worth accord, which is an understanding among society individuals on what esteems are significant. School goes about as a ‘society in miniature’ as it readies its understudies for life in a more extensive society, which requires social solidarity, as we need to help out individuals who aren’t family or companions, Just like in the work environment. We need to act appropriately to a lot of unoriginal guidelines that apply to al l. In thing An, it is referenced that â€Å"the family can't furnish people with all that they have to turn out to be completely working individuals from a huge scope society’ and as family is just the beginning of social solidarity, the sentiment of having a place in family gathering, instruction is expected to push that in an ider scale (as a run of the mill family unit won't be greater than 6 or so individuals). This is one key tunction ot training, and it exists to empower social solidarity just as different elements. Marxists would contend that instruction has various jobs in the public arena; Althusser said that there are two manners by which the bourgeoisie keep their capacity, one of which is the ideological state contraption. ISAs are the way that the bourgeoisie control people’s thoughts, qualities and convictions, and incorporate religion, broad communications and the training framework. He contends that the training framework is a significant ISA on the ground s that t repeats class disparity by passing it on age to age, in this way neglecting to topple the bourgeoisie reliably. Another motivation behind why it’s significant is that it legitimizes class imbalance by delivering philosophies that spread the genuine impact by causing laborers to acknowledge that disparity is inescapable and that they earned their place in the public arena, in this way in the event that they acknowledge these thoughts, they are more averse to challenge free enterprise and how it’s run. This is one way that Marxists contend that youthful students get dispensed jobs for their future work jobs, and training is there for them to acknowledge beneficiary job and not contend against it. Another Marxist view on training is the fantasy of meritocracy which is the legitimation of class disparity, which is the thing that an industrialist society depends on so there is constantly a hazard that those at the base will feel their imbalance is undeserved and unreasonable and subsequently will oppose it. Bowles and Gintis contend that training is the explanation this doesn't occur, as it legitimizing class imbalance by delivering philosophies that Justify why this disparity is reasonable and unavoidable. Bowles and Gintis depict instruction ‘as a monster legend making machine’ ike the fantasy of meritocracy, which implies that it is false that everybody has an equivalent chance to accomplish, that prizes depend on exertion, etc. A purpose behind accomplishing high pay is contended to be resolved more from your family and class foundation instead of capacity or instructive accomplishment. This serves the higher classes as it causes it to give the idea that they picked up their jobs in the workforce by an equivalent chance yet truly, that isn't the situation, they utilize this to deceive common laborers students to acknowledge disparity. This implies the instruction framework exists not nly to allot and prepare youngsters for their future work jobs yet in addition to acknowledge the jobs they are given and for the bourgeoisie to keep their capacity. Taking everything into account, the instruction framework exists to give a wide range of capacities to society, just as portion jobs for youngsters that they will keep on having in the workforce; they are additionally prepared for that job so they have what it takes important to carry out the Responsibility. Likewise, as indicated by Marxists, instruction additionally brings certain qualities and convictions into youthful peoples’ minds with the goal that they acknowledge the disparity that occurs in an industrialist society as a regular certainty. The most effective method to refer to Education framework exists fundamentally, Papers

18 Best Idea Generation Techniques

18 Best Idea Generation Techniques Ideas are things that come and go and fairly frequently too. However, the really great ideas usually spring unexpectedly in moments of inspiration. It becomes easier to come up with great ideas when we free ourselves from the mundane, everyday, conventional thoughts that take up the thought space in our brain. © Shutterstock.com | CHAINFOTO24This article gives you a 1) short note on the three stages of successful ideation and 2) 18 killer idea generation techniques.SHORT NOTE ON THE THREE STAGES OF SUCCESSFUL IDEATIONAn organization needs to follow three main stages namely generation, selection and implementation for successful ideation.Stage #1: GenerationFor a lot of companies, making use of ideation to address a specific problem or requirement is frequently a good starting point. The majority of companies can easily identify these kinds of needs â€" the main decision is whether they contribute to an ideation approach. After problem-solving, come two other key chances for utilizing ideation: core competencies and consumer insights.Core competencies, in reference to ideation, have to do with leveraging ideation to develop upon a company’s abilities. In this kind of ideation, the organization is looking for fresh applications or new markets for existing services/products.Consumer insigh ts, with reference to ideation, have to do with utilizing principles of conventional market research (for example: focus groups and surveys) and implementing them in the context of a joint idea-sharing milieu. Surveys are effective though there are a few drawbacks: respondents would not be able to view other replies (to vote up/down or comment) and the response rates are usually pretty low. Even focus groups are effective though they fail to reach the heights of online ideation owing to factors such as price constraints that hinder them from accessing a bigger participant pool.Stage #2: SelectionPicking the best ideas starts much before the beginning of the ideation process. It is essential that you fix the criteria by which the ideas are to be assessed, who would be responsible for evaluating the ideas, and how the top ideas would be given to the concerned internal teams for further assessment or execution. A proper selection process begins with the use of tags or labels to arrange the ideas into meaningful clusters. An example would be labels being arranged along product lines (such as phone, laptop, tablet) and tags being a level lower, concentrating on attributes (easy navigation, portable, long battery life, lightweight) and/or on features (display, operating system, interface). Labeling and tagging should be followed by prioritization to be certain that the most essential ideas reach the stage of application/execution.Stage #3: ImplementationThe success of implementation is dependent on an organization’s ability to choose the top ideas and take action based on them. It also depends on the organization having appropriate workflows in place so that the right groups take part at the appropriate time in the three steps of the ideation process. The makeup of these workflows (that call out particular roles and aspects of responsibility) is very essential for organizations if they are to start any ideation endeavor. The people in the roles called out should b e ready to take in new ideas that don’t come from within the company and possibly can be incentivized or otherwise acknowledged for their readiness to implement the new approach.18 KILLER IDEA GENERATION TECHNIQUES1. SCAMPERSCAMPER is an idea generation technique that utilizes action verbs as stimuli. It is a well-known kind of checklist developed by Bob Eberie that assists the person in coming up with ideas either for modifications that can be made on an existing product or for making a new product. SCAMPER is an acronym with each letter standing for an action verb which in turn stands for a prompt for creative ideas.S â€" SubstituteC â€" CombineA â€" AdaptM â€" ModifyP â€" Put to another useE â€" EliminateR â€" Reverse2. BrainstormingThis process involves engendering a huge number of solutions for a specific problem (idea) with emphasis being on the number of ideas. In the course of brainstorming, there is no assessment of ideas. So, people can speak out their ideas freely witho ut fear of criticism. Even bizarre/strange ideas are accepted with open hands. In fact, the crazier the idea, the better. Taming down is easier than thinking up.Frequently, ideas are blended to create one good idea as indicated by the slogan “1+1=3.” Brainstorming can be done both individually and in groups. The typical brainstorming group comprises six to ten people.3. MindmappingMindmapping is a graphical technique for imagining connections between various pieces of information or ideas. Each fact or idea is written down and then connected by curves or lines to its minor or major (previous or following) fact or idea, thus building a web of relationships. It was Tony Buzan, a UK researcher, who developed the technique “mind mapping” discussed in his book ‘Use your Head’ (1972). Mind mapping is utilized in brainstorming, project planning, problem solving and note taking. As is the case with other mapping methods, the intention behind brain mapping too is to capture atten tion and to gain and frame information to enable sharing of concepts and ideas.To get started with mindmapping, the participant just has to write a key phrase or word in the middle of the page. Then, he must write anything else that comes to his mind on the very same page. After that, he must try to make connections as mentioned in the previous paragraph.4. SynecticsSynectics is a creative idea generation and problem solving technique that arouses thought processes that the subject may not be aware of. It is a manner of approaching problem-solving and creativity in a rational manner. The credit for coming up with the technique which had its beginning in the Arthur D. Little Invention Design Unit, goes to William J.J. Gordon and George M. Prince.The Synectics study endeavored to investigate the creative process while it is in progress. According to J.J Gordon, three key assumptions are associated with Synectics research.It is possible to describe and teach the creative processInventi on processes in sciences and the arts are analogous and triggered by the very same “psychic” processesGroup and individual creativity are analogous5. StoryboardingStoryboarding has to do with developing a visual story to explain or explore. Storyboards can help creative people represent information they gained during research. Pictures, quotes from the user, and other pertinent information are fixed on cork board, or any comparable surface, to stand for a scenario and to assist with comprehending the relationships between various ideas.6. Role playingIn the role playing technique, each participant can take on a personality or role different from his own. As the technique is fun, it can help people reduce their inhibitions and come out with unexpected ideas.7. Attribute listingAttribute listing is an analytical approach to recognize new forms of a system or product by identifying/recognizing areas of improvement. To figure out how to enhance a particular product, it is broken int o parts, physical features of each component are noted, and all functions of each component are explained and studied to see whether any change or recombination would damage or improve the product.8. Visualization and visual promptsVisualization is about thinking of challenges visually so as to better comprehend the issue. It is a process of incubation and illumination where the participant takes a break from the problem at hand and concentrates on something wholly different while his mind subconsciously continues to work on the idea. This grows into a phase of illumination where the participant suddenly gets a diversity of solutions and he rapidly writes them down, thereby creating fresh parallel lines of thought.Picture prompts help a lot when it comes to enabling one’s brain to establish connections. These prompts can help to surface emotions, feelings and intuitions. This makes them particularly useful for brainstorming solutions to innovative challenges involving people, and issues with a deep psychological or emotional root cause.To get started with using picture prompts, the facilitator distributes a set of pre-selected images â€" each participant gets one. He also asks the participants to write down whatever ideas come to their mind when they look at the image in their possession. According to Bryan Mattimore (presently co-founder of The Growth Engine Company), the images should be visually interesting, portraying a multiplicity of subject matter and must depict people in lots of varied kinds of relationships and interactions with other people.After this, participants pair off and use additional time, sharing and talking about the ideas they have come up with and brainstorming more solutions to the existing problem/challenge. Lastly, the various pairs present their ideas to the rest of the group.Mattimore suggests tailoring the visuals to the character of the challenge the participants have to solve. So, if the challenge pertains to the manufacturing industry, you could consider having images of an industrial nature. However, you should definitely include some irrelevant or random images as well because it may be these kinds of images that trigger the most innovative solutions.9. Morphological analysisMorphological analysis has to do with recognizing the structural aspects of a problem and studying the relationships among them. For example: Imagine the problem is transporting an object from one place to another by way of a powered vehicle. The significant dimensions are: the kind of vehicle (cart, sling, bed, chair); the power source (internal-combustion engine, pressed air, electric motor); and the medium (air, hard surface, rails, rollers, oil, water). Thus, a cart-kind of vehicle moving over rough services with an internal-combustion engine to power it is the automobile. The expectation is that it would be possible to determine some novel combinations.10. Forced relationshipsIt is an easy technique involving the joining of t otally different ideas to come up with a fresh idea. Though the solution may not be strictly unique, it frequently results in an assortment of combinations that are often useful. A lot of products we see today are the output of forced relationships (such as a digital watch that also has a calculator, musical birthday cards and Swiss army knife). Most of these ideas may not be revolutionary discoveries but they are still advantageous products and usually have a prospective market in society. Robert Olson provided an example for forced analogy in his book ‘The Art of Creative Thinking.’ He compares different aspects of a corporate organization structure to the structure of a matchbox.11. DaydreamingThough mostly not met with approval, daydreaming is truly one of the most fundamental ways to trigger great ideas. The word “daydream” itself involuntarily triggers an uninhibited and playful thought process, incorporating the participant’s creativity and resourcefulness to play a round with the present problem. It enables a person to establish an emotional connection with the problem, which is beneficial in terms of coming up with a wonderful idea. The focus of productive daydreaming is a particular goal irrespective of whether it seems to be an impractical task. Plenty of famous inventors have engaged in daydreaming in the past, thereby setting off ideas that contributed to life altering inventions. The airplane is the most notable example for this. If the Wright brothers had not let their imagination run wild thinking about flight, we would probably still be traveling by ferry.12. Reverse thinkingAs the term ‘reverse thinking’ itself suggests, instead of adopting the logical, normal manner of looking at a challenge, you reverse it and think about opposite ideas. For example: ‘how can I double my fan base?’ can change into ‘how do I make sure I have no fans at all?’ You may notice that the majority of participants would find it easier to produce ideas for the ‘negative challenge’ simply because it is much more fun. However, don’t spend too much time on the reverse idea-generation â€" about 10 to 15 wrong ideas is fine. After one session is over, you can either continue in the reverse idea atmosphere with a new challenge or else do the reversal once more to make it stronger. An example for the latter is “I am never going to update any of my social networks” changing into “I am going to always update all of my social networks.”13. Questioning assumptionsThe majority of industries have an orthodoxy â€" unspoken but deeply-held beliefs that everyone stands by for getting things done. Sadly, they fail to realize that by questioning assumptions at every step of service or product development, they can actually enable the birth of fresh possibilities and ideas.Here’s how Mattimore suggests one go about questioning assumptions: The participants should start by settling on the framework for the creative challenge. A fter this, they should produce 20 to 30 assumptions (irrespective of whether they are true or false). The next step is to select several assumptions from the many generated, and utilize them as idea triggers and thought starters to engender fresh ideas.14. Accidental geniusAccidental genius is a relatively new technique that utilizes writing to trigger the best ideas, content and insight.15. BrainwritingBrainwriting is easy. Instead of asking the participants to shout out ideas, they are told to pen down their ideas pertaining to a specific problem or question on sheets of paper, for a small number of minutes. After that, each participant can pass their ideas over to someone else. This someone else reads the ideas on the paper and adds some new ones. Following another few minutes, the individual participants are again made to pass their papers to someone else and so the process continues. After about 15 minutes, you or someone else can collect the sheets from them and post them for instant discussion.16. WishingThis technique can be begun by asking for the unattainable and then brainstorming ideas to make it or at least an approximation of it, a reality. Start by making the wishes tangible. There should be collaboration among the members of the team to produce 20 to 30 wishes pertaining to your business. Everyone’s imagination should be encouraged to run wild â€" the more bizarre the idea, the better. There should be no restrictions on thinking.The next step is concentrating on a number of these unattainable wishes and utilizing them as creative stimuli to trigger ideas that are new but more practical. Mattimore suggests getting the team to challenge the problem from diverse perspectives (imagine how a person from another planet or from another industry or profession would view it) or reflect on it. This type of role playing assists with moving away from conventional thinking patterns to see fresh possibilities.17. SocializingIf employees only hang around wi th colleagues and friends, they could find themselves in a thinking rut. Let them utilize all those LinkedIn connections to begin some fantastic conversations. Refreshing perspectives will assist with bringing out new thinking and probably, one or two lightning bolts. Socializing in the context of ideation can also be about talking to others on topics that have nothing whatsoever to do with the present problem.18. CollaborationAs the term indicates, collaboration is about two or more people joining hands in working for a common goal. Designers frequently work in groups and engage in collaborative creation in the course of the whole creative process. Idea Generation Techniques from Hershey DesaiAs is quite clear from this blog, the era of boring, conventional idea generation is long gone and it is time to embrace fun and innovative ideation techniques. As mentioned earlier, the more creative the thinking process, the wackier and probably, better the ideas and solutions we can exp ect.

Mao Cultural Revolution - 1863 Words

A. Plan of Investigation In 1966, Mao mobilized the Chinese youth to initiate the â€Å"Cultural Revolution†, a violent process eliminating old Chinese culture, customs, thoughts and habits, purging â€Å"counter-revolutionary† party members, and heightening Mao’s personality cult. I will summarize evidence collected from textbooks, official documents, biographies and eyewitness reports about the events between 1959 and 1966. I will describe the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao’s resignation as president, his power struggle with Liu Shoaqi and Deng Xiaoping and the propagating of his personality cult. Then I will identify how these events may have given Mao reasons for launching the Cultural Revolution, and whether his motives were of†¦show more content†¦The people’s faith in the government was partially restored; Liu’s and Deng’s popularity grew. Furthermore, at the Conference of 7000 in 1964, instead of supporting Mao, Liu gave a speech suggesting that the CCP was to blame for the economic failures and forced Mao into some† half-hearted self-criticism† In October 1964, Khrushchev was sacked. In Nov 1964, the Russian defence minister said to a Chinese delegation â€Å"We got rid of our fool, Khrushchev, now you get rid of yours, Mao.† 2. Establishment of the personality cult Mao’s lack of public appearances after 1958 had damaged his image and his authority. Since 1963, the â€Å"Little Red book† (â€Å"Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung†), compiling Mao’s statements on his views and ideology, had been a standard Chinese text, and his personality cult was systematically fostered by Lin Biao , his faithful Minister of Defence, using various forms of propaganda and giving him popular titles such as â€Å"The red sun rising in the East† . Mao re-entered public life on 16 July 1966 with an appearance of him swimming in the Yangtze River, to promote his strength. He frenzied the admiration of the Chinese youth, which he was hoping to mobilize for revolutionary purposes. 3. The launch and effects of the Cultural Revolution On May 16, 1966, the CCP announced the start of the â€Å"Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution† which called for a destruction of the old, bourgeois Chinese culture,Show MoreRelatedThe Cultural Revolution : Mao Zedong1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cultural Revolution, launched by Chairman Mao Zedong in the mid-1960s, dramatically transformed Chinese society. Paul Byrne (2012 p.80) suggests that as the Cultural Revolution continued to transform China, a cult of personality was built around Mao; anyone who questioned his wisdom was an enemy of the people. The Cultural Revolution was a period of time where anything capitalist or western was brutally destroyed. The Cultural Revolution aimed to destroy ‘The Four Olds’ these being, old ideasRead MoreMao Zedong And The Cultural Revolution1109 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Revolution Mao Zedong rose to power in 1949 founding the People’s Republic Of China. His plan the Great Leap Foward to make China on par with other powerful countries had failed miserably. After the failure of The Great Leap Forward, Mao Zedong’s positioning in the government had weakened. To regain total control over the government, Mao Zedong launched what was called the Cultural Revolution. There is no words for how The Cultural Revolution impacted China. This major event is viewed asRead MoreMao s The Cultural Revolution Essay2114 Words   |  9 Pagesrise of Mao as seen through such events, foreshadowed the official beginning of the Cultural Revolution in May 1966. Mao’s famous swim in the Yangtxe river in July that year, was covered massively by press and the act was a piece of political theatre that had been specifically designed to prove that he was strong and fit to rule China. This is an obvious display of the propaganda Mao used in his pursuit of restoring his r ule and gaining power. Despite his incentives for beginning the Cultural RevolutionRead MoreMao Zedong : Chinese Cultural Revolution868 Words   |  4 Pages In 1966 Mao Zedong started the Chinese Cultural Revolution that would change the economic climate of China for generations to come. Mao’s goal for the Cultural Revolution was to create a clever organization of the masses that would in turn lead to increased productivity starting with the youth. Unfortunately this mobilization of the masses led to massive destruction as things spiraled out of control at a very fast rate due to Mao’s creation the Red Guard- an army of youths that would seek outRead MoreThe Cultural Revolution And Reign Of Mao Zedong969 Words   |  4 Pagescorrupt government. This was China under the Cultural Revolution and reign of Mao Zedong. During this era, a person with traditional political or religious views struggled incredibly. Mao Zedong attacked traditional Chinese culture and â€Å" launched what became known as the Cultural Revolution in order to reassert his authority over the Chinese government. Believing that current Communist leaders were taking the party, and China itself, in the wrong direction, Mao called on the nation’s youth to purge theRead MoreChina s Cultural Revolution : Mao Zedong Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesChina s Cultural Revolution: Mao Zedong The Cultural Revolution of 1966 led by Chairman Mao Zedong, a strong believer in Socialist ideologies, thought China needed sociopolitical reform in order to erase aspects of the traditional Chinese culture. Although Mao implemented new political principles, the revolution was a time of mass destruction and overall led to negative effects, disrupting China’s economy and preservation of the Chinese culture. The Revolution brought about massive change thatRead MoreMao Zedong and Cultural Revolution1484 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiated a series of revolutions to change the way China ran, the final being the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution starting in 1966 and ending in 1976 (1). The goal of this investigation is to determine Mao Zedong’s motives as a leader to initiate such a movement that ended up with the loss of culture, struggle between social classes, force of government, and the loss of human life (2). This investigation will describe Mao as a person, China a s a country, the Cultural Revolution as a movement, andRead MoreEffects Of The Cultural Revolution By Mao Zedong817 Words   |  4 Pages The Cultural Revolution In the wise words of Mao Zedong himself, â€Å"It is only through the unity of the Communist Party that the unity of the whole class and the whole nation can be achieved, and it is only through the unity of the whole class and the whole nation that the enemy can be defeated and the national and democratic revolution accomplished.† This shows that he is solely interested in pushing communism. The other criteria will follow. Which means that he isn’t interested in bettering theRead MoreMao Zedong And The Mao Era Of China950 Words   |  4 PagesIn China after Chairman Mao, China had a period of post Maoism and was moving away from Chairman Mao to a more modernized China. Even though Mao Zedong had a hand in creating China and unifying, China in it is early years up to the Chinese Cultural revolution. His downturn or his bad Mao days were after the Cultural Revolution. In which many people in china suffered because of the Cultural Revolution and many parts of traditional Chinese culture was either erased or wiped out from History. Many peopleRead MoreTo What Extent Did the Red Guards Control the Cultural Revolution1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Red Guards control the Cultural Revolution? â€Æ' Section A The Cultural Revolution in China started in 1966 and ended on Mao Zedong’s death in 1976, on September 9th. While headed by Mao Zedong (sometimes spelled Tse-Tung), otherwise known as Chairman Mao, the Cultural Revolution contained a powerful group who called themselves the Red Guard, student activists who killed, pillaged, and destroyed â€Å"Old Fours† for Zedong. One could argue they were the drive of the Revolution. However, the Red Guards

Kant s View On Animal And The Treatment Of Them - 1306 Words

Kant’s approach to animals and the treatment of them is examined. His approach has a basis of egocentric ideals which can be found, and should be left in, an earlier era. First, I explain his second categorical imperative and how it is applicable to humans but excludes animals. I argue Kant’s second categorical imperative in regards to it only being applicable to humans through his definition of â€Å"humanity†. Second, I investigate how Kant believes we should treat animals and his justification for theorizing it. I reason Kant’s assumption that animals are not rational or unable to be self-conscious. Third, I look at Kant’s underlining assumptions of animals and the natural world around him. I allege Kant’s assumptions on animals may lead to environmental degradation. Through this paper I aim to disprove Kant’s assumptions about animals and how his views may perpetuate further damage to the environment. Kant’s second categorical imperative is intended to be a framework to apply his ethics in a practical sense. However, it is only written to be applicable to humans and it excludes animals. Kant states, â€Å"Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only† (202). First, to explain the use of the word â€Å"humanity†. Kant refers to three components to explain humanity: rationality, absolute worth, and dignity (182). Thus, Kant implies that animals are not rational; therefore, do not have absolute worth andShow MoreRelatedKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will begin by explaining the overall views of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, then compare and contrast the ideas and philosophies of Kant and Mill on Animal Ethics. I believe that Kant, the deontologist, will not care as much about the duty/responsibility between humans and animals as Mil l, the utilitarian, who will see the extreme importance of animal ethics. After studying and explaining the views and teachings of these two philosophers I will see if my thesis was correct,Read MoreKant And The Categorical Imperative1177 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant was a philosopher who tried to work out how human beings could be good and kind outside admiration and devotion of traditional religions. Kant was a pessimist about human character and believed that we are by nature intensely prone to corruption. This became more clear to Kant after reading the work of philosopher David Hume. It was this that led him to formulate his life’s project, the desire to replace religious authority with the authority of reason, that is human intelligence. WhenRead MoreEssay What Moral and Ethical Obligations do Humans Have to Animals1492 Words   |  6 Pageseggs necessary to feed the population. The intensive farming method of animal husbandry has become quite a controversial is sue and caused apprehension amongst many different factions of society. These concerns relate to how high density farming practices result in dangers associated with environmental impacts, human health and non-human welfare. Animal welfare/animal rights groups argue that the conditions in which the animals live are cruel and abhorrent. This notion of cruelty invites debate surroundingRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Ethics1468 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the choice about the decision making capacity to achieve the duty and responsibilities to the parties involved. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), a German philosopher was an enormous supporter of this sort of thinking. 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The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual Free Essays

string(63) " Ministers two months prior to the expiry of the current term\." Kavala Institute of Technology MSc in Oil Gas Technology â€Å"CONTRACT LAW† â€Å"THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL TERMS ABOUT CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES IN AN OIL OR GAS EXPLORATION/EXTRACTION CONTRACT† Authors: Andreou Christos Georgiou Manolis Kakanis Iordanis Skarvelas Stathis Supervisor: Pr. K. KalamboukaNovember 2012 ABSTRACT The purpose of this assignment is to identify the contractual obligations of the parties in oil and gas exploration and extraction contracts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual or any similar topic only for you Order Now The assignment is based on the contract between Cyprus Government and the authorized company as is approved by the Cypriot Parliament and is harmonized to â€Å"Directive 94/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 1994 on the conditions for granting and using authorizations for the prospection, exploration and production of hydrocarbons† Contents Introduction 4 1. Conditions and requirements for granting authorizations 4 2. General and specific information submitted by the applicant 5 3. Grant of an authorization 5 4. Duration of an authorization for prospection 6 5. Duration of an authorization for exploration 6 6. Relinquishment of area 6 7. Duration of an authorization for exploitation 7 8. Grant of rights to the holders of authorizations 7 9. Transfer of an authorization or assignment of rights arising from an authorization 8 10. Control of a holder of authorization by a third country or a national of a third country 8 11. Work practices 8 12. Directions of the Minister to holders of an authorization in case of contravention of Regulation 11 9 13. Drilling operations10 14. Protection of the environment11 15. Construction and maintenance of installations, pipelines and related equipment12 16. Measurement of hydrocarbons14 17. Authorized officers15 18. Unit development16 19. Records17 20. Reports17 21. Hydrocarbons production records19 22. Obligations in case of termination of an authorization20 23. Confidentiality20 24. Powers of the Court for seizure and confiscation21 25. Abandonment21 26. Abandonment of the well22 27. References23 INTRODUCTION Oil and gas contracts are shaped by national and international laws that relate to common industry transactions. With standardized contracts being used across different jurisdictions, it is important that these legal principles are properly understood. The increasing scarcity of natural resources makes it more, rather than less, likely that legal issues will be tested in the oil and gas sector. The accelerated pace of change in the oil and gas industry make this one of the world’s most challenging and complex sectors in which to understand, draft and negotiate contracts. The legal and regulatory framework of upstream oil and gas industry contracts is constantly changing, therefore it is critical that all lawyers, commercial and contracts managers working in this sector are up-to-speed. OBLIGATIONS Conditions and requirements for granting authorizations ) The authorizations may be granted on such conditions and requirements in order to ensure: a) the proper performance of the activities permitted by the authorization b) the financial contribution in money or a contribution in hydrocarbons c) national security d) public safety e) public health f) security of transport g) protection of the environment pursuant to section 11 and the terms specified in the Regulations made under this Law h) protection of biological and mineral resources and of national treasures possessin g artistic, historic or archaeological value i) safety of installations and of workers ) planned management of hydrocarbon resources, such as particularly the rate at which hydrocarbons are depleted or the optimization of their recovery; and k) the need to secure revenues to the Republic. made to the conditions and requirements in the course of the procedure of examining the applications, shall be notified to all interested entities General and specific information submitted by the applicant ) An application for an authorization for exploration shall contain the following specific information: l) the designation of the area or areas for which an application has been made, and if the application is made in respect of more than one area, the priority assigned to each area m) a detailed description of the exploration programme proposed for the area or areas applied for and its geographical distribution over such area or areas n) the minimum obligations to be undertaken relating to work and expenditure during the exploration period o) a brief note concerning he exploration activities and the effects which are likely to have on the environment, and the measures that the exploration work program intends to take for dealing with p) proposals relating to the training and employment of nationals of the Republic and the minimum expenditures to be incurred to that effect q) proposals relating to the economic terms and conditions required as criteria for the evaluation of the application, such as the financial consideration and/or the sharing of production between the applicant and the Government of the Republic r) any agreement between any persons relating to the manner in which hydrocarbons operations are to be financed and s) any other information as may be required by the Minister or under the applicable model contract or which the applicant wishes the Minister to consider Grant of an authorization 3) The Minister shall negotiate the terms and provisions of the Contra ct with the selected applicant. In case where the negotiation is successful, the text of the Contract shall be submitted to the Council of Ministers for approval, and thereafter, if approved and signed by both parties, the relevant authorization shall be granted. Duration of an authorization for prospection 4) An authorization for prospection shall be granted for a period not exceeding one year. Duration of an authorization for exploration 5) (1) An authorization for exploration shall be granted for an initial period not exceeding three years and may be renewed for up to two terms, each term not exceeding two years, provided that the conditions referred to in paragraph (2) are fulfilled. 2) The authorization for exploration may be renewed, pursuant to paragraph (1), provided that the holder of such authorization has fulfilled all his obligations arising from the authorization and has submitted an application to the Council of Ministers two months prior to the expiry of the current term. You read "The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual" in category "Essay examples" (3) The Contract may provide that in case where an appraisal work program with respect to a discovery is in progress and has not been completed at the expiry of the second renewal referred to in paragraph (1), the holder of an authorization may apply to the Council of Ministers for an extension of the exploration period, which, however, may not exceed six months, in case of crude oil discovery and twenty-four months in case of natural gas discovery. In case of natural gas discovery the Council of Ministers, may extend the exploration period for a turnover the twenty-four months, if it deems that such period is necessary to determine whether a commercially viable natural gas market exists or/and is to be created. (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2), where the holder of an authorization has not fulfilled all his obligations arising from the authorization, the Council of Ministers may decide to renew the authorization under such terms and conditions as the Council of Ministers may deem proper to impose. Relinquishment of area 6) (1) Upon each renewal of the authorization for exploration, the holder of an authorization relinquishes at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the initial surface of the area that is included in the authorization granted. 2) Upon expiry of the renewal of the authorization for exploration, as possibly renewed and/or extended pursuant to the provisions of Regulation 9, the holder of an authoriz ation relinquishes all the remaining part of the area that is included in the authorization granted: Provided that the area to be relinquished under this paragraph shall not include the areas included in an authorization for exploitation. Duration of an authorization for exploitation 7) (1) The duration of an authorization for exploitation for each exploitation area shall not exceed twenty-five years and may be renewed for a period up to ten years, subject to the terms of the Contract. (2) The authorization for exploitation may be renewed, pursuant to paragraph (1), provided that the holder of such authorization has fulfilled all his obligations arising from the authorization and has submitted an application to the Council of Ministers, through the Minister, one year 11 prior to the expiry of the current term. Grant of rights to the holders of authorizations ) (1) The authorization for the prospection of hydrocarbons shall grant to the holder of an authorization the right to prospec t for hydrocarbons in the area for which the authorization was granted, (2) The authorization for the exploration of hydrocarbons shall grant to the holder of an authorization exclusive rights to explore for hydrocarbons in the area for which the authorization was granted, under the conditions and requirements of the authorization granted, and in the case of a commercial discovery of hydrocarbons, the right to be granted an exploitation authorization related to such a discovery, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the Regulations. 3) The authorization for the exploitation of hydrocarbons shall grant to the holder of an authorization exclusive rights to exploit hydrocarbons in the area for which the authorization was granted, under the conditions and requirements of the authorization granted under the conditions and requirements of the authorization granted. Transfer of an authorization or assignment of rights arising from an authorization 9) No holder of an authorizati on may transfer an authorization or assign the rights arising from an authorization to another entity, except upon the consent of the Council of Ministers, which may be granted if t) it does not endanger national security ) the Council of Ministers is satisfied that an entity to whom the authorization would be transferred or the rights arising from an authorization would be assigned has sufficient technical knowledge, experience and financial resources to secure the proper exercise of the activities of prospecting, exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons v) the entity to which the authorization would be transferred or the rights arising from an authorization would be assigned undertakes to comply with such other conditions and requirements as the Council of Ministers may deem proper to impose. Control of a holder of authorization by a third country or a national of a third country 10) (1) No entity may, after the grant of an authorization thereto, come under the direct or indirect control of a third country, or a national of a third country, without the prior approval of the Council of Ministers. 2) Any holder of an authorization that comes under the direct or indirect control of a third country or a national of a third country without the prior approval of the Council of Ministers, shall commit an offence and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months or to a fine not exceeding eight hundred fifty four thousand and three hundred Euros or to both such penalties. Work practices 11) (1) Every holder of an authorization shall carry out hydrocarbons operations in a proper, safe and workmanlike manner and in accordance with good oilfield practices. Every holder of an authorization is bound to comply with these Regulations and any other legislation regulating work practices, employers’ obligations, safety and health at work and the rights of employees. (2) Every holder of an authorization is bound to: ) ensure that all materials, supplies, machinery, plant, equipment and installations used by him or by subcontractors comply with generally accepted standards in the international petroleum industry and are of proper construction and kept in good working order b) use the natural resources of the area that is included in the authorization granted as productively as practicable c) prevent damage to producing formations and ensure that hydrocarbons discovered, mud or any other fluids or substances do not escape or be wasted d) prevent damage to hydrocarbon and water bearing strata that are adjacent to a producing formation or formations and prevent water from entering any strata bearing hydrocarbons, except where water injection methods are used for secondary recovery operations or are intended otherwise in accordance with generally accepted international petroleum industry practice e) properly store hydrocarbons in receptacles constructed for that purpose, and not store crude oil in an earthen rese rvoir, except temporarily in an emergency and f) apply the provisions of the Solid and Hazardous Waste Law as regards the hydrocarbon waste Directions of the Minister to holders of an authorization in case of contravention of Regulation 11 12) (1) In cases where the Minister scertains that any holder of an authorization has not acted in accordance with Regulation 13, he may notify such holder of an authorization in writing accordingly and require him to show cause, within a specified time-period, why he has omitted to act in accordance with Regulation 13 (2) Where the holder of an authorization to whom a written notice has been sent, in accordance with paragraph (1), fails within the specified time period, to satisfy the Minister that he has acted in accordance with Regulation 13 or to prove that such omission is justified, the Minister may direct in writing the holder of an authorization to take such measures as may be necessary with a view to ensuring compliance of the holder of a n authorization with Regulation 13 (3) Where the holder of an authorization fails to comply with the Minister’s directions pursuant to paragraph (2) a) the holder of an authorization shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine not exceeding one million seven hundred eight thousand and six hundred one euro or to both such penalties: Provided that in case of a prosecution against the holder of an authorization in respect of the offence referred to in this subparagraph, it shall be a defense if the holder of an authorization proves that he promptly took all necessary measures in accordance with good oilfield practices in order to comply with the Minister’s directions b) the Minister may take all or any of the measures required by his directions. In such a case, any costs incurred by the Minister shall be payable by the holder of an authorization and shall be collected as a civil debt due t o the Republic Drilling operations 3) (1) The holder of an authorization is bound to ensure that the well design and conduct of drilling operations, including its casing, cementing, well spacing and plugging operations, shall be in conformity with generally accepted international petroleum industry practice (2) Every well is identified by a name, number and geographic coordinates, which are shown on maps, plans and similar records which the holders of an authorization are bound to keep. The holders of an authorization must promptly notify the Minister in writing of any change of the above-mentioned particulars (3) At least seven days before commencing any drilling or other work with respect to any well or recommencing any drilling or other work with respect to any well on which work has been discontinued for more than six months, the holders of an authorization are bound to notify the Minister in writing of their intention to do so. Such notice shall contain the following: a) the of ficial name and number of the well ) a description of its precise location by reference to geographical coordinates c) a detailed report on the drilling technique to be followed, an estimate of the time and depth required, the material to be used and the safety measures to be taken and d) a well location report along with the geological and geophysical data and any interpretations thereof, upon which the particular location was selected (4) Where any drilling or other work with respect to any well is discontinued for a period exceeding thirty days, the holders of an authorization shall promptly notify the Minister in writing (5) At least two days before recommencing any drilling or any work, with respect to any well on which work has been discontinued for more than thirty days but for less than six months, the holders of an authorization are bound to inform the Minister in writing of their intention to do so (6) No holder of an authorization may drill a well any part of which is les s than two hundred meters from a boundary of the area that is included in the authorization granted except upon the prior written approval of the Minister and under such terms and conditions as the Minister may deem fit to impose Protection of the environment 4) (1) The holder of an authorization shall ensure that hydrocarbons operations are conducted in an environmentally acceptable and safe manner, consistent with the environmental legislation in force for the time being and the good international industry practice, and shall exercise effective control for that purpose (2) The holder of an authorization is bound to take all the necessary measures in order to: a) minimize any avoidable environmental pollution or damage to the water, the soil or the atmosphere, in relation to hydrocarbons operations b) comply with the provisions of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, which entered into force internationally on the 19th June 1975, its Protocol hi ch was signed on the 19th November, 1976 and entered into force internationally on the 8th April, 1981 and the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 and its Protocol of 1976 (Ratification) and Matters Connected Therewith Law of 1989 (3) If the holder of an authorization omits to comply with the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) and any environmental pollution is caused in water, the soil or the atmosphere, the holder of an authorization shall take all reasonable and necessary measures to remedy or eliminate such pollution (4) If the Minister deems that any works or installations erected by the holders of an authorization or any operations conducted by the holders of an authorization endanger or may endanger persons or property of a third-party or cause pollution or harm to the environment, wildlife or marine organisms to a degree which the Minister deems unacceptable, the Minister may require the holder of an authorization to take corrective measures within a reasonable time period specified by the Minister, and to repair any damage to the environment. If the Minister deems it necessary, he may submit a proposal to the Council of Ministers, and the latter may suspend the authorization until the holder of an authorization has taken such corrective measures or has repaired any environmental damage (5) The measures and methods to be used by the holders of an authorization for the purpose of complying with paragraph (2)(a) shall be agreed in consultation with the Minister upon the commencement of the hydrocarbons operations or whenever there is a significant change in the scope or method of conducting hydrocarbons operations. The measures and methods must comply with the international standards applicable in similar circumstances (6)a) Prior to the commencement of any drilling operations, the holder of an authorization shall prepare and submit to the Minister for evaluation and approval, a contingency plan for hydrocarbon leakage and fire. In such a case, the holder of an authorization shall immediately apply the relevant contingency plan b) case of any emergency or accident other than those referred to in subparagraph (a) which affects the environment, the holder of an authorization shall take all reasonable and necessary measures, in accordance with the generally accepted international petroleum industry practice (7) In the event that the holder of an authorization omits to take the measures provided for in paragraphs (1) to (6), within the time-period specified by the Minister, the Minister may direct any action which he deems necessary and require the holder of an authorization to pay any expenses required for the execution of such actions Construction and maintenance of installations, pipelines and related equipment 15) (1) The holder of an authorization is bound to maintain in good condition and repair all structures, equipment and other installations used for the hydrocarbons operations and being available in the area that is included in the authorization granted (2) In conducting offshore operations, the holder of an authorization, in accordance with international petroleum industry practice and applicable legislation and regulations, is bound to ensure that constructions and installations to be erected shall: a) be constructed, placed, marked, buoyed, equipped and maintained so that there are safe and convenient channels for navigation b) be fitted with navigational aids and be illuminated between sunset and sunrise in accordance with the provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1973, its Protocol of 1978 and the Resolutions MEPC 14(20) of 1984, MEPC 16(22) and MEPC 21(22) of 1985 c) be kept in good repair and working order and ) not hinder navigation or fishing or cause pollution of the sea or rivers (3) No holder of an authorization may construct, alter or operate a pipeline, pumping station, storage facility or any other related facilities for the conveyance or storage of hydrocarbons from the area that is included in the authorization granted except upon his written application and the approval of the Minister (4) Such written application, referred to in paragraph (3) above, shall contain the following information: a) the proposed design and construction of the pipeline, pumping station, storage facility or other related facilities b) the proposed work program and budget and the technical and financial resources available to the holder of an authorization for the construction, alteration or operation of the pipeline, pumping station, storage facility or any other related facilities and c) the proposed route to be followed by the pipeline an d the location of any pumping station, storage facility or other related facilities to be constructed, altered or operated (5) a) The Minister may, by Order published in the Official Gazette of the Republic, order the construction of common installations, including pipelines and other transportation, processing, storage and communication facilities, for different areas included in the authorizations granted, if this is justified by public interest b) The holders of an authorization referred to in subparagraph (a) shall take all necessary measures and use their best efforts to reach agreement on the construction and operation of such common facilities and shall report to the Minister every fifteen days on the progress of their negotiations. If no agreement is reached after the expiration of three months, the Minister may refer the dispute to a mediation procedure (6) a) Where there exists excess capacity, a holder of an authorization may, upon approval by the Minister, enter into an agreement with another holder of an authorization, in order to use such facilities including pipelines and any other transportation, processing, storage and communication facilities b) If no agreement is reached within thirty days for the usage of the installations, the holder of an authorization who wishes to enter into an agreement may submit an application to the Minister, who, if he deems it appropriate, shall refer the dispute to arbitration or mediation Measurement of hydrocarbons 6) (1) a) Every holder of an authorization is bo und to obtain, operate and maintain equipment for measuring the volume and quality of any hydrocarbons produced and saved from the area that is included in the authorization granted to him including equipment o r other measuring devices of the gravity, density, temperature and pressure b) All such equipment and devices along with their permissible tolerances shall not be installed or used or replaced or altered except with the prior approval of the Minister (2) Such measurement, as referred to in paragraph (1), shall be conducted by the method or methods customarily used in the international petroleum industry. The frequency and the measuring operations must be submitted in advance to the Minister for approval (3) The holder of an authorization shall give to the Minister two days’ notice of his intention to conduct measuring operations and an authorized officer may be present and inspect such operations (4) Equipment and measuring devices shall be available for nspection and testing at all reasonable times by any authorized officers: Provided that, any such inspection and testing does not obstruct the normal operation of the facilities involved (5) If it is ascertained, following an inspection or test referred to in paragraph (4), that the equipment, devices or procedures used for measurement are inaccurate and exceed the permissible tolerances approved as provided for in paragraph (1), such inaccuracy is deemed to have existed for the entire period since the last such inspection or test, unless it is proved that the inaccuracy has been in existence for a longer or shorter period. The holders of an authorization shall proceed to the appropriate adjustments within thirty days from the date of such ascertainment Authorized officers 7) (1) The Minister may, by notification published in the Official Gazette of the Republic, authorize an appropriate person or persons to act as authorized officers in the application of this Law and the Regulations made there under and the conditions of the authorization (2) An authorized officer may carry out any or all of the following acts: a) enter at all reasonable times, showing his credentials, if so requested, and without pri or notice, any building or premises or any other place, in which he has reasonable cause to believe that there is a contravention of the conditions of the holder’s authorization or any other contravention of this Law and the Regulations. Provided that, an authorized officer may not enter any residence without the prior securing of a judicial warrant b) carry out such searches, examinations, tests, inspections, reviews and investigations that may be necessary for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is a contravention of the conditions of the holder’s authorization or any other contravention of this Law and to inspect, take extracts or copies of documents related to the hydrocarbons operations c) keep copies of any evidence or records which he has reasonable cause to believe that may be required for the purpose of proof in criminal or civil proceedings in respect of any offence pursuant to this Law and copies of any information required to be given to the Minister under section 17, on condition that the provisions of the Processing of Personal Data (Protection of Individuals) Laws are being complied with d) carry out anything that he may deem ecessary and reasonable with a view to securing compliance with the provisions of this Law and the Regulations made thereunder e) enter at all reasonable times, showing his credentials, if so requested and without any prior notice, any building, premises, area, vehicle, vessel or aircraft, and examine any machinery or equipment, which has been, is being or is to be used in connection with the hydrocarbons operations f) enter at all reasonable times, showing his credentials, if so requested and without any prior notice, any building, premises, area, vehicle, vessel or aircraft, and examine any machinery or equipment, which has been, is being or is to be used in connection with the hydrocarbons operations (3) Any holder of an authorization and any person who is the owner, occupier or in charge of any building, premises, area, vehicle, vessel or aircraft, machinery or equipment referred to in subsection (2), is bound to provide the Minister with all reasonable assistance, including the provision of necessary means of transport, for the effective ex ercise of his powers Unit development 8) (1) For the purposes of this Regulation, â€Å"unit development†, in relation to a hydrocarbon reservoir, means the operations for the recovery of hydrocarbons being carried on or, to be carried on in an area, for which an authorization has been granted and in which there is part of a reservoir, that falls into another area that is included in an authorization granted to another person by the Republic or other state and in which operations for the recovery of hydrocarbons are carried on or will be carried on (2) No holder of an authorization may enter into an agreement in writing with another person for, or in relation to, the unit development of a hydrocarbon reservoir except upon the submission of such an agreement to the Minister and his written approval (3) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), the Minister may, either on his own motion or following an application made to him in writing by a holder of an authorization in whos e licensed area there is a part of a particular hydrocarbon reservoir, for the purpose of securing the more effective and productive recovery of hydrocarbons from that hydrocarbon reservoir, direct any such holder of an authorization whose licensed area includes part of that hydrocarbon reservoir to enter into an agreement in writing within a specified period or or in relation to the unit development of the hydrocarbon reservoir (4) Where a holder of an authorization, omits to enter into the agreement referred to in paragraph (3) within the specified period or enters into the agreement referred to in paragraphs (2) and (3) but omits to submit it to the Minister for approval, the Minister may, by notice served on the holder of an authorization, request the submission, within a specified period, of an action plan for, or in relation to, the unit development of hydrocarbons (5) In case the hydrocarbon reservoir extends beyond the median line that separates the Exclusive Economic Zones of the Republic and a neighboring country, the unit development shall be governed by the relevant international agreements Records 9) Every operator is bound to keep at his office in the Republic accurate records in respect of the area that is included in the authorization granted, containing full particulars of the following a) the areas in which any geological or geophysical work has been carried out b) accurate geological maps and plans, geophysical records and interpretations thereof c) drilling, operation, deepening, plugging or abandonment of wells d) the strata and subsoil through which wells are drilled e) the casing inserted in wells and any alteration to such casing f) any hydrocarbons, water and other economic minerals or dangerous substances encountered g) such other matters as the Contract may provide or as the Minister may deem reasonably necessary to require by notice in writing served on the holder of an authorization Reports 0) (1) The holders of an authorization ar e bound to inform the Minister of all major developments in relation to the course of hydrocarbons operations (2) Without prejudice to those mentioned in paragraph (1), the holders of an authorization shall submit to the Minister the following particulars a. as soon as possible after the same are acquired or prepared i. copies of all geological, geophysical and other technical reports, well logs, maps, diagrams, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored data, in any form, reports and interpretations which have been prepared by or for the holder of an authorization and ii. representative geological samples including cuts of core and cutting samples, properly labeled, from all wells drilled b. at half-yearly intervals commencing from the completion of six months from the grant of an authorization iii. summary of all geological and geophysical works carried out and the results thereof iv. a summary of all drilling operations and the results thereof and v. a list of maps, reports and other geological and geophysical data prepared by or for the holder of an authorization, in respect of the period concerned c. every year and within sixty days commencing from the completion of one year from the grant of an authorization: vi. a report describing the results of all hydrocarbons operations carried out by the holder of an authorization within the year concerned and vii. estimates, if available, of economically recoverable reserves of crude oil and natural gas at the end of the year concerned d. ummaries of exploration wells drilled, including lithological groups and hydrocarbons zones, within six months of completion of drilling or, in the case of information that cannot be reasonably obtained in that period, as soon as possible thereafter e. any other available information, data, reports, assessments and interpretations related to the hydrocarbons operations as the Minister may reasonably require (3) No holder of an authorization may transport outside the Republic ori ginals of records, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored records, in any form, except upon the prior approval of the Minister, which may be granted if the Minister is satisfied that f. the magnetic tapes or other data which will be processed or analyzed outside the Republic shall be exported only if the originals or copies shall remain in the Republic and g. n case where such originals of records, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored records, in any form, are exported outside the Republic, the said originals shall be returned to the Republic within a reasonable time-limit (4) Ownership of all original information and data referred to in this Regulation shall vest in the Republic (5) The Minister may have access to the originals of all records, magnetic tapes, electronic and other stored records in any form, and may, upon request, obtain two copies thereof from the holder of an authorization free of charge (6) The holder of an authorization shall keep originals beyond th e termination of the Contract for a period and under such terms prescribed in the Contract Hydrocarbons production records 1) (1) The operator is bound to keep during the validity of the Contract at his office in the Republic accurate production records containing full particulars of the following: w) the gross quantity of any crude oil and natural gas produced and saved from the area that is included in the authorization granted x) the grades, gravity and composition of any crude oil produced and the composition of any natural gas produced y) any quantities of crude oil, natural gas and sulfur, in any form, or any other minerals, gases, liquids or solids disposed of by way of sale or otherwise, the consideration received, the quantity disposed of and the name and address of the natural or legal person to whom any such quantity was disposed of z) the quantity of crude oil, natural gas and other liquids or gases injected into a geological formation {) the quantity of crude oil and na tural gas consumed for drilling and other development and production operations, other than the quantity referred to in Sub paragraph (d), and the quantity of crude oil and natural gas consumed in pumping to field storage, in the refineries of the Republic or up to the delivery point |) the quantity of crude oil refined by or on behalf of the holder of an authorization in the Republic, if any }) the quantity of natural gas treated in the Republic by or on behalf of the holder of an authorization for the removal of liquids and liquefied petroleum gases and the quantity of butane, propane and any other liquids, gases or any solids obtained therefrom ~) the quantity of natural gas flared or vented and ) any other information as the Contract may provide or the Minister may reasonably require in writing by the holder of an authorization Obligations in case of termination of an authorization 22) In case of termination, revocation, suspension, cancellation or expiration of an authorizatio n, or upon relinquishment of any part of the area that is included in the authorization granted, the holder of an authorization is bound, within seven days, to deliver to the Minister, in relation to the area, copies of such documents or material not previously delivered. The Minister may, by notice in writing, require the holder of an authorization to deliver any other data as he may reasonably deem necessary Confidentiality 23) (1) Subject to the provisions of section 20 of the Law, all returns, reports, plans, data and other information submitted to the Minister pursuant to these Regulations shall be treated as confidential within the meaning of section 13 of the Statistics Law, and shall not be disclosed to third parties prior to the relinquishment of the area to which the above-mentioned particulars relate or prior to the expiry of the exploration period if such area is not sooner relinquished, unless the Contract provides otherwise (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) ) any surface geological maps and interpretations may be utilized at any time by the competent authorities of the Republic for incorporation into official maps b) annual statistical information may be published at any time by the Republic in a form which does not dis close the operations of any particular holder of an authorization c) the Republic may communicate such returns, reports, plans, data and other information at any time, if deemed necessary, to professional consultants, lawyers, legal advisers, accountants, underwriters, creditors, government services and organizations and public corporations (3) Without prejudice to the terms of the Contract, no holder of an authorization may publish or communicate any returns, reports, plans, data and other information compiled, received, kept or submitted pursuant to these Regulations or the terms of the Contract except upon the prior written approval of the Minister (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3), the holders of an authorization may, without the prior written approval of the Minister, communicate such returns, reports, plans, data and other information available, to professional consultants, lawyers, legal advisers, accountants, underwriters, creditors and companies in which t he holders of an authorization maintain the majority in shares, or appoint the majority of members of the board of directors as well as to services and organizations and public corporations of the Republic that shall be entitled to require he disclosure of such information (5) Any notification or communication made by the Minister or a holder of an authorization pursuant to this Regulation shall be made on condition that the information so notified or communicated shall be deemed to be and treated as confidential by the natural or legal person that is the recipient of such information Powers of the Court for seizure and confiscation 24) The Court may order that any quantity of hydrocarbons that has been obtained as a result of the commission of an offence, as well as any machine, equipment, vehicle, ship or aircraft and also any construction that has been used during the commission thereof shall be confiscated and/or seized. Where the confiscation of hydrocarbons is not possible, th e Court may order that the person committing the offence shall pay a fine to at least the value of the quantity of the hydrocarbons that have been unlawfully obtained Abandonment 5) (1) Unless the Minister deems otherwise, on expiry of the time-period or termination of an authorization, the holder of an authorization is bound to: ) remove all equipment, installations, structures, plants, appliances and pipelines from the area in accordance with the abandonment plan provided by the Contract ) perform all necessary site restoration activities in accordance with good international petroleum industry practice and take all other necessary measures to prevent hazards to human life or to the property of others or the environment (2) For the purpose of complying with the provisions of this Regulation, the Minister may, at any time, in accordance with the terms of the Contract, require the holders of an authorization to submit a guarantee, for an amount determined by the Minister, or in the alternative, to establish a reserve for future estimated abandonment and site restoration costs Abandonment of the well 6) (1) Prior to the abandonment of any well, the holders of an authorization are bound to inform the Minister in writing of their intention to do so, in the case of a producing well, at least thirty days before the abandonment and, in the case of any other well, at least two days before the abandonment. Such written notice shall contain a detailed plan and a time-schedule for the abandonment and plugging of the well. (2) Subject to the terms of the Contract, the holder of an authorization may, upon the expiration of the relevant period specified in the notice referred to in paragraph (1), or upon receipt by the holder of an authorization of the written approval of the plan by the Minister as provided for in paragraph (1), whichever is earlier, commence the abandonment operations in relation to such well. (3) The holder of an authorization is bound to: plug such wel l with a view to avoiding pollution and possible damage to the reservoir and, unless the Contract otherwise provides or the Minister otherwise decides, remove all equipment, materials and facilities relating thereto ) ensure that cemented strings or other forms of casing shall not be withdrawn except with the prior written approval of the Minister and ) permit an authorized officer to inspect such abandonment operations. REFERENCES Marc Hammerson, Upstream Oil and Gas, July 2011 Republic of Cyprus, The hydrocarbons (prospection, exploration and exploitation) regulations, 2007and 2009 Republic of Cyprus, The hydrocarbons (prospection, exploration and exploitation) law, 2007 How to cite The Interpretation of Legal Terms About Contractual, Essay examples

The Help free essay sample

How did people use non-verbals to communicate their status and identities in The Help? (e. g. : artifacts used by wealthy/poor, language tones/volume, dress codes, appearance, rituals, etc. ) The lines between black and white are clearly delineated by more than color in this film. While the socialite white women, even on routine days for mundane activities, dress in pretty pressed dresses, manicured nails, stiffly styled hair, and nice jewelry (reminds me of June Cleaver), the maids must wear identical uniforms, have severe hairstyles, and little or no jewelry. Their greatest possession is the purse they carry this seems to be of great importance, especially to Yule Mae when she is arrested. The maids are disallowed to speak in company unless it involves serving of some kind and must always address white folks with â€Å"sir†, â€Å"ma’am†, or â€Å"miss†. The maids must submit to white authority in all things (for fear of job loss or worse) and keep their voices low and calm in order to avoid tension or stress. We will write a custom essay sample on The Help or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And sassing (verbal and nonverbal) is a punishable offense as seen when Minny uses Hilly’s bathroom during the storm. Hilly could not care less about Minny’s safety in going outside during the dangerous storm, but rather is more concerned about how â€Å"clean† her toilet remains. There are many facial expressions and body postures that convey status/identity as well as artifacts. Hilly’s consistently raised chin and haughty expression mark her as quite self-important and the self-appointed leader of the socialites. Conversely, the maids (with the exception of Minny) keep their eyes down, if not their heads, hands to their sides, unless working, and maintain a social distance (more than 4 or 5 feet) from white people. Skeeter and Celia are the two white exceptions since they both accept the black women as equals and treat them with respect and kindness. Can prejudice and discrimination be expressed nonverbally? How? Provide examples from The Help when prejudice and discrimination was expressed nonverbally. One of the physical ways used in this movie to express prejudice is the use of hand gestures by Hilly. She flicks her hand in an upward motion when she orders Minny to cut a slice of pie for Mrs. Walters. The wicked facial expression indicates her hate of the black woman, especially because of her refusal to obey an order. There were several instances when Skeeter was speaking with one of the maids and one of the Junior League women caught her that they reflected their disapproval and distaste for so personal an interaction between a white and a black person. A painful expression is worn by Aibileen as she is forced to overhear Hilly’s insulting speech about the need for separate bathrooms. Not only does the hurt show on Aibileen’s face but she also hides in the hallway rather than have to be present during the conversation, as if she should be ashamed of her skin. Another example, this one involving white rejecting white, is when Celia shows up at Elizabeth’s during the bridge club luncheon. Not only do they refuse to answer the door but make a half-hearted attempt to hide from her when she comes to the window. They are giggling, covering their mouths with their fingers (as if this is a grand joke or oh, so cute), and you can overhear rude remarks about her desperation and obvious lack of social etiquette. One last example was in the grocery store at the end of the movie. Aibileen and Minny are shopping, walking down the aisle side by side with their carts. However, when a white woman approaches Aibileen it is made clear that she is to move aside and let the white woman pass, which she does with an apologetic look and hanging of her head (as if she were ashamed for having been in the way). Give me an example of someone in The Help whose nonverbal behavior was insulting, ridiculing, or demeaning to others. Which character was not insulting or demeaning to others? Explain. There are more variations of prejudice in this movie than just between races. One of the painful moments, at least for me, was when Celia Foote shows up, uninvited, to the bridge club luncheon at Elizabeths house. Pie in hand, she is hoping to make friends and finally be included in the social circle of Jackson. However, at Hilly’s urging, the entire group â€Å"hides† and is â€Å"shushed† in a poor attempt to evade Celia, who is considered an outcast because of where she came from and how she grew up (poor). Celia’s face, when she realizes what is happening, is painful to see and as she comes up out of the flower bed, her short attempt to be brave dissolves into tears. I believe where Celia came from and how she grew up gives her a greater compassion and understanding of the maids’ lives. She seems childlike in her acceptance of them and is ignorant of â€Å"proper social etiquette†. She simply takes them as they are, respects them as human beings and fellow women, and bestows care and affection generously. She is also open-minded concerning Hilly’s behavior and tries to shed a kinder light on why there is conflict between them, even after the luncheon debacle. Have you ever made a prejudgement about someone because of their nonverbals? If so, provide an example. Anyone who says they have never prejudged another person is lying. It is, unfortunately, in our nature to judge others, especially when we think we are better than they are. Most of the time we are wrong, but, once in awhile, we get it right. I was hired at The Home Depot in Kansas several years ago as a cashier. Shortly after I finished my training and was put on the register another woman, about my age, came out of training and joined me up front. She, like me, was an extrovert and seemed happy and friendly, coaxing confidences out of all of us. Particularly me, since we shared (or at least I thought we did) a common faith. It wasn’t until later that I found out she was not only cheating on a husband and using a boyfriend for free shelter and food, she was also a liar and a backstabber. She had been telling others things we had shared in confidence, with a little embellishment for good measure. My mistake was giving her credit for being a good person because of her clean appearance, she was well-dressed and accessorized, she had a winning smile and bubbly laughter, and seemed so open with her life and beliefs. She cemented these nonverbals with proclamations of sincerity and Christian values. I suffered some very embarrassing moments over my misjudgment. Have you ever had a negative nonverbal experience? Tell me about it. It was Wednesday choir practice and I was sitting with the director’s wife on the front row waiting for rehearsal to begin. Her husband was on stage arranging his music and making small talk with us. I responded to one of his quips with a â€Å"cute†, and I though humorous, quip of my own. I found out immediately that she didn’t appreciate my comment and perceived it as a â€Å"territorial dispute† (him being the territory! when she stomped on my foot with extreme force (I limped for a couple days) and growled in my face, â€Å"He’s mine! † I was stunned and I’m sure it registered on my face. However, she was unapologetic and stomped away. I was mortified since we were not the only people in the auditorium. Clearly, she communicated her anger, resentment, disgust, and an unspoken threat to keep my hands of f her property (since I didn’t like him, my thought was she’d be the only one who’d have him anyway). Explain the differences in the usage of proximity between the two cultures in the movie. While the white socialites observed white rules of space (hugging, sitting close, touching, etc, though it is stiff and emotionless) the blacks were not allowed to engage white people this way. There was a social distance maintained, unless children were involved. The maids would stand a distance of more than 4 or 5 feet away from white people and wait to be commanded. It was rather humorous to me that the white women didn’t want the maids to touch their utensils, cups, dishes, skin, toilets, etc. ut were entirely at peace with them cooking (handling food), laundering (the clothes touched by blacks then touched their bodies), and mothering the children. Even when Skeeter goes to Aibileen’s own house, Aibileen has a difficult time sitting in Skeeter’s presence (she finally ends up sitting on the arm of a chair, the furthest place away from Skeeter) and, for a time, continues to act as if she’s waiting on the white woman. As we see the intimate times in Aibi e’s house between she, Skeeter, and Minny, it becomes clear that the black people share space much more than whites do. They touch one another, hug firmly (as opposed to a light, meaningless embrace), laugh loudly, and have much more passion in life than their white employers. Define culture shock. The friendships created between Skeeter, Aibileen, and Minny broke societal rules during the 1960’s in Mississippi. How did people react when the secret friendships were revealed? Did people experience culture shock? Explain. Culture shock is the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes. There was an uproar, socially, about Skeeter’s relationship with the two maids. People were incensed that she would debase herself, her family, and her race in this way (by fraternizing with â€Å"the enemy†). However, as people began to read the book, I believe they were faced with the choice of what to do with this knowledge. The stories in the book revealed the truth about what happens behind the scenes to the black women that serve white families and raise white children. Many of these stories, I’m sure, were ugly, painful, and humiliating. Once everyone knows the truth, each person must choose how to deal with that truth. This creates a type of culture shock. Some, like Skeeter’s mama, chose to support her and confess fault. Others, like Stuart, openly denied the truth or validity of Skeeter’s stance and ended their relationship. Hilly is very obviously divided within herself when Aibileen asks her, â€Å"Aren’t you tired Miss Hilly? Aren’t you tired? † I think she meant tired of holding on to an outdated way of thinking, fighting the tides of change, and being such a sad, lonely, mean person. 8. How did Skeeter deal with cultural tension between both cultures? Provide an example. a. Skeeter started out the same way all the other young women did. The daughter of wealthy, respectable white families, and raised by a black nanny/maid. Upon arriving home from college, she integrates herself back into society by attending the various meeting, luncheons, and bridge club dates. However, as s he sees and hears the ugly, supremacist treatment of The Help, she begins to bite back at her friends, though small at first. The initial example of this is at bridge club when Hilly is discussing her ‘Home Health Sanitation Initiative’ and Skeeter finally busts out with, â€Å"Maybe we should build YOU a bathroom outside, Hilly! † As her incense grows, Skeeter begins to form friendships with the maids Aibileen and Minny in a hope to write a book and thereby, maybe, right a wrong. She lies about her conversation in the kitchen with Yule Mae and intentionally plays a joke on Hilly with the toilets on the lawn. These are Skeeter’s little ways of dealing with the racial situation she finds herself in. I was a bit disappointed in the indirect ways she chose to â€Å"voice† her disapproval but it was a dangerous time for black sympathizers as well as the blacks themselves. 9. Did the more powerful societal group in The Help establish the rules for communication? How? a. The power group, the white women, certainly set the rules on how, when, where, and to whom the maids could interact. Fear was the crux of their power. The maids chafed under the supreme rule of the white yet they were powerless to do anything about it or they would lose their jobs and be blacklisted. Or worse, imprisoned or killed. Because of white supremacy sentiments and Jim Crow laws, blacks could be mob-lynched (killed by hanging or dragging) for the smallest of infractions, even if they were imagined. So, the black women only voiced their feelings to one another, in private, and even then they whispered. Otherwise, they kept their heads down, did their work, and tolerated the abuse. Times have changed how we communicate with others. How can you improve your intercultural communication skills? Provide examples. a. One of the biggest obstacles to accepting and positively interacting with an other person is a closed-minded attitude. We must first be willing to accept the fact that our own way of thinking, believing, and doing things is not the only right way. So, an open-minded approach is always best when communicating with others. Another way to hone good skills is to look for ways to positively interact with others, especially those with whom you do not share a common culture. Volunteer work, random acts of kindness, being openly friendly, making eye contact, smiling, and even attempts at vocal niceties can open many avenues to deeper, more meaningful experiences.